Table 1.

List of vascular factors common to BPD and ROP discussed in this review.

MEDIATORS OF NEOVASCULARIZATION
Factor	Role in neovascularization	References
VEGF	Stimulates development of blood vessels	(1, 2, 15–27)
sFlT-1	Endogenous VEGF antagonist	(25, 26)
VEGF Polymorphisms	Increase circulating VEGF activity	(16, 19, 29–31)
eNOS and NO	eNOS regulates NOS production, which consequently regulates endothelial progenitor cell differentiation, apoptosis, and differentiation at vessel formation sites	(1, 15, 33, 37–44)
IGF-1	Promotes growth throughout the body	(2, 45–50)
Interferon	PAPP-a inhibitor	(48, 50)
IGFBP-3	Major regulator of free IGF-1 levels	(28, 51–53)
Angiopoietins	Regulators of neovascularization, influenced by VEGF	(13, 18, 54–57)
Tie2 and soluble Tie2 receptors	Promotes endothelial cell survival and maturazion and vessel stabilization	(13, 18, 55)
TGF-β	Regulator of cell growth, differentiation, migration, and extracellular matrix protein production	(13, 22, 46, 58–71)
Superoxide dismutase	Prevent cell injury by catalyzing reduction of superoxide radicals	(72–79)
Vitamin A	Influences endothelial cell proliferation required for angiogenesis	(80–86)
Trombospondin-1	Ca binding extracellular glycoproteins with anti-angiogenic properties that regulate cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions	(13–87)
PEDF	Neuroprotective growth factor with anti-angiogenic properties	(88–98)

Abbreviations used in Table are as noted in text.