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. 2018 Jun 19;9:2393. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04700-z

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Macrophages internalized less SNH by phagocytosis compared to CNT. a Raman spectroscopy of intracellular nanocarbons after cellular incubations. The insert graphs showed the corresponding cells detected by microscope. b Relative cellular uptake comparison of five nanocarbons based on laser reflection (LR) signal detection (n = 3). c Confocal images of cells after nanocarbon incubations. Intracellular nanocarbons were detected by CLSM via LR technology. Cell membrane and endomembrane were stained with lipid dye DiI. White arrows indicated the membrane wrinkles. 3D reconstruction by Imaris software illustrated the co-localizations of nanocarbons with DiI-labeled vesicles (yellow spots, black arrows). Scale bar: 10 μm. d Transmission electron microscopy images of intracellular lysosomes after nanocarbon incubations. The magnified insets showed the significant morphological features of nanocarbons. Scale bar: 500 nm. In b, three independent nanocarbon incubations were performed in study. Data were expressed as mean ± s.d