Table 2.
Study outcomes
| Study | Mammography f | Ultrasound in MX- women f | Positive screening outcomes | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N screens | Detected cancers | N screens | Additionally detected cancers | Type (threshold) e | Mammography | Ultrasound in MX- women | |||||
| N (DCIS) | Per 1000 | N (DCIS) | Per 1000 | N | Per 1000 | N | Per 1000 | ||||
| Whole screening population | |||||||||||
| Buchberger et al28 | 8970 | 142 (47) | 15.8 (5.2) | 8103 | 32 (5)g | 3.9 (0.6) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Kuhl et al32 | NR | 3 (1) | NR | NR | 1 (1) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Kolb et al27 | 13,547 | 94 | 6.9 | 12,193 | 48 | 3.9 | Biopsy (actual) | 423 | 31 | 320 | 26 |
| Brancato et al30 | 26,973 | 156a | 5.8 | 5227 | 2 | 0.4 | Test + (U3–5) | NR | NR | 108 | 21 |
| Test + (U4–5) | NR | NR | 23 | 4 | |||||||
| Biopsy (actual) | NR | NR | 29 | 6 | |||||||
| De Felice et al31 | NR | 8 | NR | 1754 | 12 | 6.8 | Test + (U3–5)/Biopsy (rec) | NR | NR | 187 | 36 |
| Sardanelli et al33 | NR | 6 (1) | NR | NR | 1 (0) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Bae et al34 | NR | 515 | NR | NR | 227 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Corsetti et al25 | 7224 | 20 (4) | 2.8 (0.6) | NR | 32 (4) | NR | Biopsy (actual) | NR | NR | 427 | NR |
| Berg et al12 | 7473 | 59 (18) | 7.9 (2.4) | 6714 | 32 (2) | 4.8 (0.3) | Test + (3–5) | 759 | 102 | 836 | 125 |
| Biopsy (actual) | 162 | 22 | 449 | 67 | |||||||
| Wang et al26 | NR | 176 | NR | NR | 56 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Korpraphong et al29 | 14,483 | 86 | 5.9 | NR | 19 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Brem et al15 | 15,318 | 82 (31) | 5.4 (2.0) | 13,017 | 30 (2) | 2.3 (0.2) | Test + (0) | 2301 | 150 | 2063 | 158 |
| Biopsy (rec) | 610 | 40 | 569 | 44 | |||||||
| Biopsy (actual) | 586 | 38 | 552 | 42 | |||||||
| Wilczek et al35 | 1668 | 7 | 4.2 | 1645 | 4 | 2.4 | Test + (SE 3–5) | 23 | 14 | 23 | 14 |
| Biopsy (actual) | 11h | 7 | 12 | 7 | |||||||
| Mammography-negative women | |||||||||||
| Kaplan40 | NR | NR | NR | 1862 | 5 (1) | 2.7 (0.5) | Test + (def)b | NR | NR | 250 | 134 |
| Biopsy (rec) | NR | NR | 56 | 30 | |||||||
| Crystal et al38 | NR | NR | NR | 1517 | 7 (0) | 4.6 (0) | Test + (def)c | NR | NR | 90 | 59 |
| Biopsy (actual) | NR | NR | 38 | 25 | |||||||
| Weinstein et al46 | NR | NR | NR | 363a | 3 (0) | 8.3 (0) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Youk et al41 | NR | NR | NR | 446 | 11 | 24.7 | Test + (3–5) | NR | NR | 134 | 300 |
| Test + (4–5) | NR | NR | 51 | 114 | |||||||
| Hooley et al8 | NR | NR | NR | 648 | 3 (1) | 4.6 (1.5) | Test + (3–5) | NR | NR | 153 | 236 |
| Test + (4–5) | NR | NR | 38 | 59 | |||||||
| Biopsy (rec) | NR | NR | 64 | 99 | |||||||
| Biopsy (actual) | NR | NR | 63 | 97 | |||||||
| Leong et al42 | NR | NR | NR | 141 | 2 (1) | 14.2 (7.1) | Test + (U3–4) | NR | NR | 24 | 170 |
| Test + (U4) | NR | NR | 14 | 99 | |||||||
| Biopsy (rec) | NR | NR | 14 | 99 | |||||||
| Weigert and Steenbergen44 | NR | NR | NR | 8647 | 27 (4) | 3.1 (0.5) | Test + (3–5) | NR | NR | 1196 | 138 |
| Test + (4–5) | NR | NR | 429 | 50 | |||||||
| Biopsy (rec) | NR | NR | 429 | 50 | |||||||
| Girardi et al39 | NR | NR | NR | 9960 | 22 | 2.2 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Chang et al37 | NR | NR | NR | 990 | 5 (2) | 5.1 (2.0) | Test + (3–5) | NR | NR | 366 | 370 |
| Test + (4–5) | NR | NR | 84 | 85 | |||||||
| Hwang et al43 | NR | NR | NR | 1349 | 8 (1) | 5.9 (0.7) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Weigert and Steenbergen45 | NR | NR | NR | 10,282 | 23 (9) | 2.2 (0.9) | Test + (3–5) | NR | NR | 1310 | 127 |
| Test + (4–5) | NR | NR | 435 | 42 | |||||||
| Biopsy (rec) | NR | NR | 435 | 42 | |||||||
| Kim et al48 | NR | NR | NR | 3171 | 9 (2) | 2.8 (0.6) | Test + (3–5/md) | NR | NR | 831 | 262 |
| Test + (4–5/md) | NR | NR | 131 | 41 | |||||||
| Biopsy (rec) | NR | NR | 131 | 41 | |||||||
| Biopsy (actual) | NR | NR | 147 | 46 | |||||||
| Tagliafico et al36 | NR | NR | NR | 3231 | 23 (1) | 7.1 (0.3) | Test + (3–5) | NR | NR | 145 | 45 |
| Test + (4–5) | NR | NR | 88 | 27 | |||||||
| Biopsy (actual) | NR | NR | 47 | 15 | |||||||
| Destounis et al50 | NR | NR | NR | 5434 | 18 (0) | 3.3 (0) | Test + (3–5) | NR | NR | 194 | 36 |
| Test + (4–5) | NR | NR | 100 | 18 | |||||||
| Biopsy (actual) | NR | NR | 104 | 19 | |||||||
| Klevos et al49 | NR | NR | NR | 394 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | Test + (3–5) | NR | NR | 69 | 175 |
| Test + (4–5) | NR | NR | 19 | 48 | |||||||
| Biopsy (rec) | NR | NR | 24 | 61 | |||||||
| Biopsy (actual) | NR | NR | 26 | 66 | |||||||
| Weigert47 | NR | NR | NR | 7459 | 21 (1) | 2.8 (0.1) | Test + (3–5) | NR | NR | 727 | 97 |
| Test + (4–5) | NR | NR | 201 | 27 | |||||||
| Biopsy (rec) | NR | NR | 201 | 27 | |||||||
DCIS ductal carcinoma in situ, md modified BI–RADS categorisation (complicated cysts ≤5 mm observed as circumscribed, homogenous and hypoechoic lesions or circumscribed oval-shaped solid masses ≤5 mm without any suspicious US features were downgraded to BI–RADS 2), MX- mammography negative women, NR not reported, rec recommended
a Estimated from proportions
b Defined as: dominant cystic mass, solid mass, areas of architectural distortion or acoustic shadowing
c Defined as: complex cysts or solid lesions
e In most studies, screening test outcomes were recorded using the BI–RADS system
f With or without additional physical examination/clinical breast examination
g Might include some women with abnormal mammography, in parts of MX- breasts. Data were not reported separately for women with MX-
h Eight out of 23 women with abnormal mammography were not referred for assessment after an ultrasound examination, and were counted in the “healthy” group.