Table 2.

Correlations (r-values) between seven types of cancer, total cancer incidence, and variables examined in this study (for more detailed results, see Data Sheet S1 in Supplementary Material, Sheet 5).

	Esophagus		Colorectal		Pancreas		Kidney		Bladder		Stomach		Lung		Cancer total
	Men	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women
Fruits total	−0.01	0.29	0.09	0.22	−0.29	0.11	−0.17	−0.23	0.23	0.26	−0.56	−0.45	−0.34	0.36	0.25	0.40
Apples	0.31	0.18	0.19	0.20	0.04	0.24	0.13	0.10	0.18	0.29	−0.14	−0.17	−0.07	0.28	0.33	0.31
Bananas	0.21	0.37	0.31	0.49	−0.17	0.34	0.13	0.18	0.35	0.56	−0.58	−0.48	−0.60	0.37	0.45	0.56
Grapes	−0.43	−0.18	−0.21	−0.18	0.05	−0.04	−0.34	−0.32	0.07	0.03	0.08	0.18	0.10	0.04	−0.22	−0.09
Oranges and mandarins	0.16	0.47	0.14	0.36	−0.34	0.09	−0.04	−0.09	0.09	0.19	−0.61	−0.53	−0.45	0.37	0.33	0.48
Alcoholic beverages total	0.53	0.53	0.60	0.42	0.19	0.51	0.42	0.40	0.18	0.41	−0.42	−0.42	−0.06	0.45	0.64	0.57
Beer	0.54	0.56	0.56	0.40	0.26	0.53	0.46	0.52	0.11	0.43	−0.36	−0.36	−0.05	0.45	0.55	0.55
Distilled beverages	0.15	−0.15	−0.08	−0.26	0.04	−0.26	0.26	0.25	−0.38	−0.29	0.40	0.37	0.13	−0.33	−0.15	−0.34
Wine	0.10	0.12	0.30	0.24	−0.13	0.17	−0.06	−0.28	0.32	0.17	−0.37	−0.36	−0.08	0.20	0.40	0.29
Cocoa beans	0.01	0.17	0.16	0.31	0.03	0.24	0.17	0.11	0.13	0.22	−0.31	−0.26	−0.16	0.29	0.36	0.35
Coffee	0.10	0.31	0.15	0.41	−0.15	0.32	0.03	0.07	0.21	0.37	−0.62	−0.55	−0.47	0.42	0.45	0.59
Tea	0.55	0.74	0.10	0.22	−0.04	0.14	0.06	0.21	−0.26	0.07	−0.18	−0.19	−0.21	0.32	0.15	0.34
Ref. sugar and sweeteners	0.51	0.44	0.29	0.47	0.06	0.24	0.29	0.31	0.29	0.49	−0.26	−0.28	−0.17	0.37	0.46	0.56
Refined sugar	0.45	0.39	0.23	0.46	0.06	0.19	0.21	0.28	0.30	0.32	−0.25	−0.28	−0.15	0.27	0.40	0.45
Oilcrops total	−0.36	−0.10	−0.37	−0.35	−0.26	−0.25	−0.36	−0.40	0.22	−0.05	−0.20	−0.07	−0.17	−0.13	−0.38	−0.25
Olives	−0.47	−0.26	−0.51	−0.51	−0.27	−0.34	−0.35	−0.43	0.10	−0.12	−0.02	0.11	−0.09	−0.21	−0.48	−0.41
Treenuts	−0.11	0.04	−0.06	0.01	−0.27	−0.03	−0.23	−0.30	0.42	0.11	−0.41	−0.34	−0.19	0.04	0.07	0.04
Plant oils total	0.07	0.13	0.26	0.17	−0.12	0.10	0.00	−0.13	0.39	0.07	−0.42	−0.39	−0.02	0.08	0.28	0.16
Olive oil	−0.30	−0.21	−0.13	−0.16	−0.22	−0.15	−0.17	−0.32	0.25	−0.14	−0.19	−0.15	−0.05	−0.19	−0.13	−0.23
Soybean oil	0.32	0.33	0.38	0.61	−0.18	0.21	0.26	0.25	0.40	0.42	−0.38	−0.39	−0.22	0.36	0.55	0.55
Sunflower oil	−0.27	−0.43	−0.09	−0.28	0.17	−0.25	−0.30	−0.41	−0.03	−0.35	0.41	0.37	0.53	−0.31	−0.32	−0.46
Cereals total	−0.43	−0.44	−0.37	−0.51	0.16	−0.22	−0.13	−0.16	−0.28	−0.33	0.52	0.48	0.21	−0.49	−0.52	−0.58
Maize	−0.33	−0.24	−0.19	−0.26	−0.05	−0.13	−0.39	−0.36	−0.32	−0.32	0.09	0.03	0.06	−0.20	−0.41	−0.38
Rye	0.17	−0.16	−0.07	−0.11	0.17	−0.03	0.45	0.52	−0.18	−0.14	0.42	0.30	0.12	−0.18	0.07	−0.10
Wheat	−0.36	−0.24	−0.21	−0.32	0.13	−0.14	−0.09	−0.19	0.06	−0.01	0.26	0.34	0.17	−0.27	−0.34	−0.28
Potatoes	0.51	0.14	−0.01	−0.05	0.04	−0.21	0.36	0.43	−0.30	−0.30	0.44	0.26	0.24	−0.19	0.06	−0.15
Legumes total	−0.40	−0.20	−0.09	−0.26	−0.06	−0.28	−0.28	−0.34	0.16	−0.06	0.00	0.10	0.23	−0.17	−0.31	−0.26
Vegetables total	−0.54	−0.41	−0.45	−0.56	−0.18	−0.46	−0.50	−0.59	0.21	−0.24	0.14	0.20	0.15	−0.40	−0.57	−0.57
Onions	−0.30	−0.41	−0.32	−0.55	0.10	−0.34	−0.28	−0.29	−0.11	−0.37	0.52	0.45	0.35	−0.38	−0.59	−0.64
Tomatoes	−0.49	−0.34	−0.36	−0.38	−0.16	−0.29	−0.46	−0.57	0.22	−0.21	−0.01	0.04	0.01	−0.32	−0.43	−0.43
Spices	−0.15	−0.04	−0.06	−0.14	−0.11	−0.17	−0.21	−0.20	−0.10	−0.02	−0.10	−0.06	0.21	0.11	−0.22	−0.20
Plant protein	−0.39	−0.31	−0.47	−0.58	−0.03	−0.34	−0.21	−0.21	−0.18	−0.30	0.34	0.35	0.15	−0.41	−0.56	−0.56
Plant fat	0.02	0.12	0.18	0.14	−0.21	0.04	−0.06	−0.17	0.43	0.08	−0.47	−0.42	−0.10	0.08	0.23	0.15
Meat total	0.35	0.40	0.45	0.43	−0.07	0.38	0.22	0.14	0.41	0.36	−0.54	−0.54	−0.17	0.41	0.56	0.53
Beef	0.26	0.44	0.07	0.26	−0.22	0.14	0.11	0.10	0.04	0.16	−0.29	−0.24	−0.28	0.25	0.41	0.46
Pork	0.25	0.15	0.56	0.33	0.19	0.47	0.28	0.23	0.43	0.36	−0.39	−0.43	0.03	0.29	0.50	0.37
Poultry	0.35	0.40	0.41	0.36	0.01	0.21	0.10	0.01	0.29	0.10	−0.29	−0.33	−0.03	0.24	0.39	0.33
Meat protein	0.37	0.44	0.37	0.41	−0.15	0.30	0.15	0.10	0.34	0.30	−0.54	−0.53	−0.24	0.42	0.51	0.53
Meat fat	0.40	0.52	0.20	0.31	−0.17	0.32	0.12	0.11	0.06	0.20	−0.57	−0.52	−0.29	0.48	0.49	0.56
Beef and pork fat	0.38	0.45	0.22	0.28	−0.06	0.37	0.16	0.18	0.01	0.16	−0.49	−0.46	−0.24	0.41	0.49	0.52
Dairy total (excl. butter)	0.25	0.48	−0.11	0.15	−0.28	0.15	0.05	0.11	−0.08	0.22	−0.49	−0.37	−0.50	0.39	0.32	0.42
Milk	0.02	0.11	−0.45	−0.43	−0.23	−0.33	−0.23	−0.20	−0.50	−0.26	0.22	0.31	−0.10	−0.11	−0.40	−0.32
Cheese	0.17	0.36	0.14	0.34	−0.14	0.34	0.15	0.13	0.29	0.38	−0.67	−0.60	−0.33	0.43	0.44	0.53
Dairy protein	0.28	0.47	−0.17	0.11	−0.30	0.08	0.09	0.13	−0.06	0.26	−0.44	−0.31	−0.45	0.40	0.29	0.41
Dairy fat	0.12	0.47	−0.31	−0.02	−0.43	−0.02	−0.17	−0.15	−0.10	0.14	−0.51	−0.35	−0.47	0.36	0.06	0.25
Milk protein	0.00	0.11	−0.51	−0.44	−0.23	−0.35	−0.24	−0.21	−0.44	−0.28	0.24	0.33	−0.21	−0.16	−0.42	−0.36
Milk fat	−0.04	0.11	−0.53	−0.42	−0.25	−0.33	−0.31	−0.27	−0.39	−0.25	0.18	0.27	−0.27	−0.13	−0.45	−0.34
Butter and ghee	0.36	0.34	0.03	0.15	−0.04	0.16	0.30	0.39	0.05	0.03	−0.23	−0.21	−0.17	0.20	0.46	0.40
Edible offals	0.27	0.36	0.06	0.19	−0.06	0.07	0.16	0.08	−0.05	0.08	0.05	−0.02	−0.06	0.20	0.32	0.32
Fish and seafood	0.22	0.21	−0.03	0.29	−0.37	−0.07	0.05	0.03	0.20	0.19	−0.32	−0.30	−0.44	0.16	0.28	0.30
Fish and seafood fat	0.21	0.27	0.04	0.44	−0.26	0.09	0.12	0.14	0.26	0.31	−0.39	−0.39	−0.46	0.24	0.41	0.44
Eggs total	0.43	0.15	0.54	0.51	0.39	0.37	0.47	0.40	0.29	0.19	−0.01	−0.13	0.23	0.17	0.51	0.36
Lard	0.32	0.16	0.66	0.51	0.30	0.45	0.20	0.12	0.55	0.65	−0.13	−0.15	0.29	0.44	0.53	0.45
Honey	−0.09	−0.09	−0.18	−0.23	−0.14	0.01	−0.13	−0.17	0.05	−0.11	−0.19	−0.17	−0.24	−0.11	−0.10	−0.19
Animal protein	0.41	0.51	0.15	0.40	−0.29	0.20	0.18	0.16	0.24	0.36	−0.54	−0.50	−0.42	0.46	0.53	0.58
Animal fat	0.49	0.61	0.32	0.51	−0.09	0.44	0.20	0.20	0.29	0.51	−0.59	−0.54	−0.26	0.66	0.69	0.75
Anim. fat and anim. protein	0.48	0.59	0.26	0.48	−0.18	0.36	0.20	0.19	0.28	0.46	−0.60	−0.55	−0.34	0.60	0.65	0.71
Total protein	0.26	0.39	−0.06	0.16	−0.32	0.06	0.10	0.07	0.17	0.24	−0.42	−0.37	−0.38	0.29	0.30	0.36
Total fat	0.34	0.47	0.31	0.41	−0.18	0.32	0.10	0.04	0.43	0.38	−0.66	−0.59	−0.23	0.49	0.58	0.58
Total fat and tot. protein	0.34	0.48	0.21	0.36	−0.24	0.25	0.11	0.05	0.38	0.36	−0.63	−0.57	−0.30	0.46	0.53	0.55
% CA energy	-0.26	-0.42	-0.30	-0.45	0.21	-0.30	-0.06	-0.00	-0.44	-0.38	0.67	0.60	0.27	-0.51	-0.55	-0.60
% PC CARB energy	−0.36	−0.48	−0.38	−0.53	0.15	−0.32	−0.11	−0.08	−0.45	−0.48	0.67	0.59	0.28	−0.55	−0.60	−0.67
% Plant food energy	−0.55	−0.60	−0.38	−0.54	0.08	−0.44	−0.30	−−0.31	−0.17	−0.49	0.54	0.49	0.29	−0.65	−0.70	−0.76
Total energy	0.38	0.45	0.15	0.21	−0.15	0.19	0.18	0.12	0.28	0.29	−0.43	−0.41	−0.20	0.31	0.44	0.40
Vegetables and cereals	−0.58	−0.49	−0.49	−0.63	−0.05	−0.43	−0.41	−0.48	0.02	−0.32	0.34	0.36	0.20	−0.51	−0.64	−0.67
Milk and vegetables	−0.35	−0.20	−0.62	−0.68	−0.28	−0.55	−0.50	−0.54	−0.20	−0.35	0.25	0.35	0.03	−0.36	−0.67	−0.62
Milk and veget. and cereals	−0.43	−0.31	−0.62	−0.71	−0.17	−0.51	−0.44	−0.48	−0.25	−0.39	0.38	0.44	0.10	−0.45	−0.71	−0.69
Protein index	0.39	0.45	0.04	0.29	−0.24	0.13	0.14	0.22	−0.10	0.15	−0.39	−0.35	−0.39	0.37	0.40	0.45
Smoking (men)	−0.18		−0.45		0.07		−0.02		−0.31		0.73		0.41		−0.57
Smoking (women)		0.35		0.21		0.17		0.02		0.38		−0.38		0.55		0.39
Raised chol. (men)	0.50		0.36		−0.16		0.27		0.39		−0.58		−0.36		0.65
Raised chol. (women)		0.61		0.55		0.41		0.35		0.45		−0.43		0.51		0.76
GDP per capita	0.35	0.59	0.27	0.48	0.26	0.30	0.07	0.05	0.24	0.40	−0.70	−0.62	−0.49	0.51	0.53	0.67

% CA energy, the proportion of energy from carbohydrates and alcohol (as % of total energy intake); % PC CARB energy, the proportion of energy from potato and cereal carbohydrates (as % of total energy intake); Protein index, indicator of dietary protein quality (the ratio between dairy and wheat proteins); GDP per capita, gross domestic product per capita.