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. 2018 Jun 19;8:9354. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-27644-2

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Significant connection strength for breaching the Eastern Pacific Barrier overlaid on ENSO events spanning 1993 to 2012. Out of 470 dispersal simulations, successful connectivity events across the EP-Barrier are shown for: (a) Between Line Islands (CTP) and Clipperton Atoll (ETP); (b) Between Hawaii (CTP) and Clipperton Atoll (ETP) and; (c) Between Marquesas (CTP) and Galapagos Islands (ETP). To illustrate the effect of positive and negative ENSO intensities in relationship to the direction of connectivity, effective connection events were plotted as black bars for eastward (above horizontal line) and westward (below) directions. The absence of a vertical bar implies there is no connection. Figure created with R 3.3.0 using data sources described in the Methods section.