Table 1.

Description of the biological parameters used for the six scenarios in the biophysical modelling. Definitions follow^41,43.

Larval Biological Parameter	Description	DPMmax	P. meandrina/eydouxi complex	P. lobata/evermanni complex	P. varians	A. valida
Spawning timing	Date of larval release during spawning	Monthly, every full and new moon	Two to seven spawning events per year during at full moon according to ecoregion and species (see Table S3)
Pre-competency period	After fertilisation, larvae require hours to days to reach a competency stage, that is, capable of settlement and metamorphose	We applied the Gamma cumulative distribution function to represent the onset of larval settlement competency. We used the parameters 16 and 0.25 that imply a 50% competent larvae after 4 days
Daily larval mortality	The daily mortality rate for a negative exponential decay of larvae while dispersing	2%	Larval mortality is unknown for the modelled species, though it is reported in the order of 5% to 10% day−1 (see details in80)
Maximum pelagic larval duration (days)	The length (days) of the maximum larval dispersal period	150	150 and 100	50	30	120
Settlement Rate	Rate at which competent larvae will settle when over the reef	0.95
Larval behaviour	Swimming and homing capabilities of larvae (active or passive)	Passive, no homing
Migration rate threshold	Lower probability threshold below which no migration was inferred	1/1 000 000
Diffusivity	Diffusivity constant in m2s−1. Describes the biological-physical repulsion between larvae	100