Table 5.

Risk of obesity-related cancer according to combined category of weight status change and metabolic dysfunction

Weight status changea/metabolic dysfunction	N	Baseline BMIa	Follow-up BMIa	PY	Cases	I/1000 py	HR (95% CI)b
Not overweightc/without MetDys	2063	23.7	24.4	32,269	136	4.21	1.00
Not overweight/with MetDys	296	25.5	26.2	4146	21	5.06	1.24 (0.78, 1.98)
Became overweightd/without MetDys	550	24.3	28.8	8003	58	7.25	1.72 (1.26, 2.36)
Became overweight/with MetDys	124	25	30.3	1677	14	8.35	2.05 (1.18, 3.55)
Sustained overweighte/without MetDys	558	29.9	32.2	8855	52	5.87	1.21 (0.87, 1.69)
Sustained overweight/with MetDys	259	32.1	34.4	3762	29	7.71	1.58 (1.05, 2.38)

CI confidence interval, HR hazards ratio, I/1000 py incidence of cancer cases per 1000 person-years, MetDy metabolic dysfunction.

^aMean BMI at baseline and at the end of weight change period (average follow-up of 14 years).

^bAdjusted for age, sex, height, education, cigarettes per day, alcohol intake and physical activity.

^cWomen with BMI <25 kg/m² and men with BMI <30 kg/m² at baseline who had no change in BMI category over ~14-year weight change period.

^dWomen with BMI <25 kg/m² at baseline who had BMI ≥25 kg/m² at the end of weight change period; men with BMI <30 kg/m² at baseline who developed BMI ≥30 kg/m² at the end of weight change period.

^eWomen with BM ≥25 kg/m² and men with BMI ≥30 kg/m² at baseline who remained overweight throughout the weight change period