Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Participants in the Major Depressive Disorder-Trajectory Groups
| Characteristic | Chronic/Recurrent N = 116 (%) |
Recovered N = 85 (%) |
Design-Based F statistic F(d1,d2) = F | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | ||||
| 65–69 | 43 (40.5) | 26 (33.6) | F(2.48, 71.89) = 0.54 | 0.625 |
| 70–74 | 30 (31.1) | 21 (40.0) | ||
| 75–79 | 16 (16.9) | 14 (17.2) | ||
| 80 + | 27 (11.5) | 24 (9.3) | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 47 (49.3) | 31 (52.9) | F(1, 29) = 0.1953 | 0.662 |
| Female | 69 (50.7) | 54 (47.1) | ||
| Residence | ||||
| Urban | 33 (26.5) | 27 (28.1) | F(1.94, 56.22) = 1.12 | 0.338 |
| Semi-urban | 49 (48.5) | 27 (35.6) | ||
| Rural | 34 (25.0) | 31 (36.3) | ||
| Education, years | ||||
| ≥ 7 | 18 (19.3) | 18 (20.7) | F(1.82, 52.80) = 0.03 | 0.962 |
| 1–6 | 29 (28.1) | 23 (27.9) | ||
| 0 | 69 (52.7) | 44 (51.4) | ||
| Socioeconomic status | ||||
| High or high-average | 46 (51.1) | 33 (48.3) | F(1.85, 53.56) = 0.05 | 0.938 |
| Low-average | 43 (32.6) | 28 (34.6) | ||
| Low | 27 (16.3) | 24 (17.2) | ||
| Marital status | ||||
| Separateda | 58 (44.1) | 46 (37.5) | F(1, 29) = 0.6639 | 0.422 |
| Currently married | 58 (55.7) | 39 (62.5) | ||
| Tobacco smokingb | ||||
| Ever | 42 (38.9) | 27 (44.5) | F(1, 29) = 0.4327 | 0.516 |
| Never | 74 (61.1) | 58 (55.4) | ||
| Alcohol useb | ||||
| Regular (at least weekly) | 19 (19.3) | 11 (19.0) | F(1.87, 54.14) = 0.029 | 0.965 |
| Occasional (<weekly) | 33 (27. 1) | 22 (29.8) | ||
| Never | 64 (53.6) | 52 (51.2) | ||
| Comorbid medical conditions | ||||
| Yes | 52 (47.4) | 26 (37.1) | F(1, 29) = 1.144 | 0.294 |
| No | 64 (52.6) | 59 (62.9) | ||
| Accessing of healthcarec | ||||
| Yes | 64 (59.3) | 50 (60.6) | F(1.73, 50.06) = 0.070 | 0.909 |
| No | 19 (15.4) | 11 (16.6) | ||
| Unknown | 33 (25.4) | 24 (22.8) | ||
| Social contactsb | ||||
| >once in 6 months | 101 (91.1) | 70 (86.9) | F(1, 29) = 0.727 | 0.401 |
| <once in 6 months | 15 (8.9) | 15 (13.1) | ||
| Social participationb | ||||
| Good | 102 (89.8) | 71 (88.5) | F(1, 29) = 0.093 | 0.763 |
| Poor | 14 (10.2) | 14 (11.5) |
a
Separated by death or divorce.
b
For simplicity, missing values were imputed using mode imputation method (for tobacco smoking N = 10, for alcohol use N = 10, for social contacts N = 8, for social participation N = 6).
c
Whether participant accessed healthcare when it was needed for any health condition in the past year.