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Quantification of M1 and M2 activation 8 weeks after SCI (n = 6–7). (A) Pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages were significantly reduced in the NPC group compared to the control group, while anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages were rarely observed in either group. (B–D) Colocalization of Iba1-positive macrophages (red) with the marker enzyme iNOS (green) indicated by the blue arrows confirm the presence of M1 activated macrophages (40 × magnification, scale bar = 40 μm).
