Table 4.
Study findings (prepost experimental designs).
| Author, year | Intervention | Changes in module number | Changes in module composition and control | Changes in gait outcomes | Changes in rehabilitation measures |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ferrante et al. 2016 [28] | FES-supported treadmill walking for 30 minutes, 3 times/week for 4 weeks | Both subjects (S1, S2) increased module number from 3 to 4. | S1: initial merging of modules 1 and 4 S2: initial merging of modules 3 and 4 |
Gait speed (pre/post) S1: 0.43/0.88 m/s S2: 0.38/0.68 m/s GRC (change score) S1: +4 S2: +2 Cadence (pre/post) S1: 0.98/1.01 strides/s S2: 0.81/0.80 strides/s |
S1 (pre/post) Mini Best test (17/22) FIM motor (78/78) S2 (pre/post) Mini Best test (21/23) FIM motor (85/85) |
|
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| Hashiguchi et al. 2016 [30] | 1 month of inpatient rehabilitation (gait, balance and task-specific training), 60 min/day, 5 days/week | No significant change in module number (p = 0.73) | Paretic muscle strength index and ankle range of motion correlated with the merging index Strength β −0.558 (−1.26, −0.17) p < 0.05 Range of ankle β −0.481 (−1.16, −0.07) p < 0.05 BI correlated with the fractionalization index β 0.577 (0.15, 4.84) p < 0.05 |
Gait speed significantly improved postrehabilitation (p < 0.01). | Paretic muscle strength index improved significantly postrehabilitation (p < 0.05). BI, BBT, and TUG all had significant improvement postrehabilitation. |
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| Routson et al. 2013 [32] | A 12-week, 36 session locomotor training program with body weight support and manual assistance | All subjects attained 4 modules postrehabilitation (n = 22) | Individuals with 4 modules pre- and postrehabilitation improved the timing of module 2 to match healthy controls (p < 0.65). Module 2 composition differences were significantly different from healthy controls in individuals with 3 modules prerehabilitation (p < 0.001). |
Significant improvements in gait speed: (p = 0.011); preswing leg angle: (p = 0.044) Nonsignificant improvements in PP: (p = 0.1121); PSR: (p = 0.6904) Subjects with 3 modules prerehabilitation had increased step length, propulsion asymmetry, and reduced SS gait speed and preswing leg angle than controls (p < 0.05) |
None reported |
FES: functional electric stimulation; GRC: global rating change; BBT: Berg Balance Test; BI: barthel index; TUG: timed up and go; PP: paretic propulsion; PSR: paretic step ratio; SS: self-selected; FC: fastest comfortable; Paretic muscle strength index (N·m/kg): sum of hip flexor, knee extensor, knee flexor, ankle dorsiflexor, and ankle plantar flexor.