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Electron accumulation phase of the Lowe–Thorneley kinetic scheme for nitrogen fixation, including hydride protonation relaxation reactions that link the Kramers (half-integer spin) intermediates depicted below. En represents the MoFe protein state in which the catalytic FeMo-co cluster has accumulated n electrons from the Fe protein cycle plus n protons. The n = 4 state is activated by reductive elimination (re) of H2 to bind N2 and cleave the N≡N bond.
