Table 1.
Univariate analysis of the clinical characteristics of survival and nonsurvival patients suffered from nosocomial bacteremia caused by Acinetobacter baumannii.
| Characteristics | Patientsa | P value | OR | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nonsurvivors (n=25) | Survivors (n=93) | ||||
| Male | 17 (68.0) | 62 (66.6) | 1.000 | 1.06 | 0.41–2.73 |
| Age (median (IQR)) (years) | 68 (58, 75) | 60 (44.5, 70) | 0.104 | — | — |
| Carbapenem resistance | 24 (96.0) | 60 (64.5) | 0.001 | 13.20 | 1.71–102.17 |
| Source | |||||
| Abdominal route | 0 (0) | 4 (4.3) | 0.577 | 0.39 | 0.02–7.49 |
| Cerebral spinal route | 1 (4) | 6 (6.45) | 1.000 | 0.60 | 0.07–5.27 |
| Central venous route | 1 (4) | 6 (6.45) | 1.000 | 0.60 | 0.07–5.27 |
| Primary | 11 (44) | 60 (64.5) | 0.070 | 0.43 | 0.18–1.06 |
| Respiratory tract | 11 (44) | 11 (11.8) | 0.001 | 5.86 | 2.13–16.08 |
| Skin/soft tissue | 1 (4) | 4 (4.3) | 1.000 | 0.93 | 0.09–8.69 |
| Urinary tract | 0 (0) | 2 (2.2) | 1.000 | 0.72 | 0.03–15.44 |
| COPD | 2 (8) | 2 (2.2) | 0.197 | 3.96 | 0.53–29.62 |
| Coronary heart diseases | 5 (20) | 12 (12.9) | 0.353 | 1.69 | 0.53–5.34 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 4 (16) | 24 (25.8) | 0.429 | 0.55 | 0.17–1.76 |
| Hepatic diseases | 4 (16) | 7 (7.5) | 0.243 | 2.34 | 0.63–8.74 |
| Hypertension | 6 (24) | 39 (41.9) | 0.112 | 0.44 | 0.16–1.20 |
| Renal diseases | 5 (20) | 9 (9.7) | 0.172 | 2.33 | 0.70–7.73 |
| Malignancy | 5 (20) | 10 (10.8) | 0.307 | 2.08 | 0.64–6.75 |
| MODS during hospitalization | 5 (20) | 2 (2.2) | 0.005 | 11.38 | 2.06–62.90 |
| APACHE II score on admission (mean ± SD) | 21.6 ± 1.4 | 17.8 ± 0.6 | 0.010 | — | — |
| APACHE II score on the day of bacteremia (mean ± SD) | 22.3 ± 1.3 | 18.0 ± 0.6 | 0.001 | — | — |
| ICU stay | 22 (88) | 62 (66.6) | 0.046 | 3.67 | 1.02–13.21 |
| Any antibiotic exposure prior to positive blood culture | 25 (100) | 82 (88.2) | 0.117 | 7.11 | 0.40–125.0 |
| Duration of previous antimicrobial exposure | 11 (8, 24) | 13 (6.5, 23) | 0.811 | — | — |
| Aminoglycosides | 8 (32) | 14 (15.1) | 0.079 | 2.66 | 0.96–7.33 |
| Antifungal azoles | 8 (32) | 23 (24.7) | 0.454 | 1.43 | 0.55–3.75 |
| β-Lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors | 11 (44) | 47 (49.5) | 0.654 | 0.769 | 0.32–1.87 |
| Cefepime | 2 (8) | 9 (9.7) | 1.000 | 0.81 | 0.16–4.02 |
| Carbapenems | 19 (76) | 52 (55.9) | 0.106 | 2.50 | 0.91–6.82 |
| Fluoroquinolones | 12 (32) | 26 (14.0) | 0.089 | 2.38 | 0.96–5.89 |
| Minocycline | 2 (8) | 7 (7.5) | 1.000 | 1.068 | 0.21–5.50 |
| Third-generation cephalosporins | 7 (28) | 29 (31.2) | 0.812 | 0.86 | 0.32–2.28 |
| Nitroimidazoles | 6 (24) | 27 (29.0) | 0.803 | 0.77 | 0.28–2.14 |
| Abdominal or thoracic drainages | 9 (36) | 35 (37.6) | 1.000 | 0.93 | 0.37–2.34 |
| Central venous catheterization | 19 (76) | 47 (50.5) | 0.025 | 3.10 | 1.14–8.46 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 22 (88) | 44 (47.3) | 0.000 | 8.17 | 2.29–29.18 |
| Nasogastric tube | 11 (44) | 30 (32.3) | 0.345 | 1.65 | 0.67–4.07 |
| Urinary catheterization | 15 (60) | 46 (49.5) | 0.376 | 1.53 | 0.62–3.76 |
| Adequate empirical antibiotic therapy | 7 (28) | 53 (57) | 0.013 | 0.29 | 0.11–0.77 |
APACHE: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CI: confidence interval; ICU: intensive care unit; IQR: interquartile range; OR: odds ratio; SD: standard deviation; MODS: multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. aData were expressed as the number (%) of patients unless stated otherwise.