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MSC-CM inhibits the expression of osteogenesis-specific markers in VSMCs. (a) The mRNA expression levels of BMP-2, Msx2, Runx2, and osteocalcin were determined by RT-PCR after 3 days. (b) The protein expression levels of BMP-2 and Runx2 were measured by western blotting; β-actin was used as an endogenous control. (c) BMP-2 and Runx2 protein levels were quantified densitometrically. ∗P < 0.05.
