Table 2.

Estimates for variance components model (EDHS, 2011).

Fixed effects	Estimate	S. error	z value	p-value
β 0 = intercept	−0.2849	0.1425	−2	0.046∗
Random effect
${\widehat{\sigma }}_u^2$	0.2126	0.0477	4.457	0.001
ICC(ρ)	0.0608