Table 1.
Population descriptive, including nutritional intake data (based on individuals' reminder intake) and vitamin B12 serum level.
| Parameters | Nonexposed (n = 40) | Exposed (n = 40) | p valuea |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (n, %) | |||
| Male | 19 (47.5) | 19 (47.5) | >0.999b |
| Female | 21 (52.5) | 21 (52.5) | |
| Age (mean ± SE) | 45.6 ± 1.7 | 45.0 ± 1.8 | 0.797 |
| Male | 45.3 ± 2.6 | 44.5 ± 2.7 | 0.824 |
| Female | 45.8 ± 2.4 | 45.4 ± 2.5 | 0.891 |
| pc | 0.8907 | 0.8173 | |
| Years of work in tobacco fields (mean ± SE) | — | 28.3 ± 2.1 | |
| Male | 0 | 29.8 ± 3.2 | |
| Female | 0 | 26.8 ± 2.8 | |
| pc | — | 0.4919 | |
| Body mass index (BMI) | 27.8 ± 0.8 | 27.6 ± 0.9 | 0.844 |
| Male | 27.2 ± 0.8 | 25.5 ± 0.8 | 0.120 |
| Female | 27.1 ± 1.0 | 28.4 ± 1.2 | 0.439 |
| pc | 0.9360 | 0.1000 | |
| Dietary intake | |||
| Lipids (%)d | 31.8 ± 1.2 | 30.4 ± 0.8 | 0.333 |
| Cholesterol (mg) | 247.1 ± 20.5 | 339.1 ± 22.0 | 0.003 |
| Fibers (g) | 26.5 ± 1.0 | 24.8 ± 1.4 | 0.312 |
| Vitamin B6 (mg) | 1.86 ± 0.07 | 2.24 ± 0.11 | 0.006 |
| Folate (μg) | 177.5 ± 15.3 | 180.3 ± 13.0 | 0.890 |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 91.5 ± 11.3 | 124.2 ± 10.7 | 0.041 |
| Vitamin E (mg) | 34.8 ± 2.2 | 36.4 ± 2.8 | 0.666 |
| B-carotene (mg) | 474.2 ± 56.2 | 724.5 ± 66.1 | 0.006 |
| A-retinol (μg) | 556.8 ± 52.5 | 473.7 ± 34.3 | 0.362 |
| Vitamin B12 (pg/mL) | 400.6 ± 18.2 | 564.0 ± 33.7 | 0.0004 |
a p value between nonexposed and exposed groups; bFischer's exact test; cp value between male and female individuals within each group; don a daily 2000 calorie diet. SE: standard error.