Table 3.

Univariate analysis of risk factors associated with deciduous caries prevalence (n = 9804)

Variables	Categories	β	Z-value	P-value	cPR	cPR 95% CI
Age	–	0.371	−15.710	< 0.001**	1.370	1.305–1.439
Gender	Boys
	Girls	−0.033	− 0.817	0.414	0.983	0.942–1.025
Household registration	Non-Shanghai
	Shanghai	−0.716	−6.766	< 0.001**	0.722	0.668–0.780
Guardians	Parents
	Grandparents	0.131	1.774	0.076	1.070	0.995–1.151
Education level of guardians	Below high school	Ref	Ref	Ref
	High school	−0.262	−2.497	0.013*	0.865	0.768–0.974
	College and above	−0.787	−8.791	< 0.001**	0.692	0.644–0.743
Feeding patterns	exclusive or predominant artificial feeding	Ref	Ref	Ref
	exclusive or predominant breastfeeding	0.064	1.218	0.223	1.034	0.980–1.092
	Combination feeding	−0.056	− 0.938	0.348	0.971	0.911–1.033
Frequency of eating desserts and candies	–	0.069	4.427	< 0.001**	1.042	1.021–1.063
Frequency of drinking sweetened beverages	–	0.138	8.778	< 0.001**	1.085	1.064–1.108
Eating sweets before sleep (days per week)	Rarely/never (< 1)	Ref	Ref	Ref
	Sometimes (1–3)	0.577	13.541	< 0.001**	1.362	1.302–1.426
	Often (> = 4)	0.751	8.443	< 0.001**	1.402	1.314–1.497
The age of starting tooth- brushing	–	0.162	8.607	< 0.001**	1.110	1.079–1.141
Toothbrush (times per day)	< 1	Ref	Ref	Ref
	1	−0.005	−0.112	0.911	0.997	0.953–1.044
	> = 2	− 0.154	−2.346	0.019	0.919	0.855–0.988
Helping children brush teeth (days per week)	Rarely/never (< 1)	Ref	Ref	Ref
	Sometimes (1–3)	−0.096	−1.772	0.076	0.950	0.898–1.006
	Often (4–6)	−0.187	− 1.452	0.146	0.901	0.779–1.043
	Everyday (7)	−0.192	−3.328	0.001	0.901	0.847–0.959
Parental perception about children’s oral health	–	−0.957	−33.800	< 0.001**	0.952	0.947–0.958
Score of guardians’ oral health knowledge	–	−0.030	−4.186	< 0.001**	0.987	0.981–0.992

cPR crude Prevalence Ratio, CI Confidence Interval, Ref Reference group

* P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01