TABLE 3.
Author (Year) | Cause | History | Diagnostic Investigations Performed | Definition of MRCT |
---|---|---|---|---|
Castricini et al4 (2016) | Irreparable, posterosuperior MRCT | Failure of conservative management for at least 6 months, no concomitant subscapularis repair, no neurological deficits, and CS for pain of 1.1 ± 2.1 | MRI: NR Plain radiographs: NR | NR |
De Casas et al8 (2014) | Symptomatic, irreparable, posterosuperior MRCT and no deltoid muscle or axillary nerve lesions | Significant levels of pain and dysfunction and nonresponsiveness to oral medications and PT | MRI: NR Ultrasound: NR | Symptomatic, posterosuperior MRCT is defined as a tear with a diameter of >5 cm that affects the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons, with grade 3 Patte tendon retraction, and with grade >2 muscular atrophy of Thomazeau classification |
Grimberg et al14 (2015) | Irreparable, posterosuperior MRCT | Pain, failure of conservative treatment or prior surgical treatment, no neurological impairment, no pseudoparalytic shoulder, and no stiff shoulder | Computed tomography or MRI: 3 tendons (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and subscapularis) involved (n = 14), supraspinatus and infraspinatus involved (n = 41), mean fatty infiltration stage 3.4 (range, 2-4) of supraspinatus and 3.2 (range, 2-4) of infraspinatus, omarthrosis stage ≤3 of Hamada classification Standard radiographs: NR | NR |
Kanatli et al19 (2017) | Chronic RC tear and pseudoparalysis | Chronic (>6 months), irreparable MRCT; no neurological defects; no concomitant irreparable subscapularis tear; minimum 6-month trial of conservative treatment without benefit; no glenohumeral arthritis; and no passive joint motion restriction | MRI without contrast: Goutallier grade 3 (n = 3 [20%]) or 4 (n = 12 [80%]) Standard radiographs: mean AHI of 3.13 ± 1.4 mm | NR |
Kany et al20 (2016) | Irreparable subscapularis tear or failed subscapularis repair with Goutallier stage 4 subscapularis fatty infiltration | Shoulder pain, previous surgery for RC tear (n = 4), and prior surgery for anterior shoulder instability (n = 1) | MRI: stage 4 fatty infiltration retracted to the level of the glenoid tear of both the supraspinatus and subscapularis Standard radiographs: no arthritis and no significant static up toward humeral head migration | NR |
Paribelli et al25 (2015) | Irreparable MRCT | Daily and nighttime pain, no general comorbidities, no prior shoulder surgery, no other shoulder abnormalities, previous conservative treatment without results, and strength loss | MRI: size of tear: large (3-5 cm) (n = 4) and massive (>5 cm) (n = 16); tendon retraction: stage 3 (n = 6) and stage 4 (n = 14); location: supraspinatus (n = 4) and supraspinatus + infraspinatus (n = 16); Goutallier stage of fatty infiltration: stage 2 (n = 8), stage 3 (n = 9), and stage 4 (n = 3) Standard radiographs: AHI of grade 1 (n = 3) and grade 2 (n = 17) | NR |
Petriccioli et al28 (2016) | Irreparable, posterosuperior RC tear | Painful shoulder, chronic pain, and impaired shoulder function | MRI: associated subscapularis tear (n = 7) Standard radiographs: AHI of 8.58 mm (range, 3.97-13.54 mm); osteoarthritis: stage 0 (n = 15), stage 1 (n = 12), and stage 2 (n = 6) | NR |
Yamakado36 (2017) | Irreparable, posterosuperior RC tear | Pain and irreparable supraspinatus or infraspinatus tears after unsuccessful minimum 3 mo of conservative treatment (anti-inflammatory medications, PT, and activity modification) and VAS score of 58 ± 25 mm (range, 20-94 mm) | Standard radiographs: NR | NR |
aAHI, acromiohumeral interval; CS, Constant Score; MRCT, massive rotator cuff tear; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; NR, not reported; PT, physical therapy; RC, rotator cuff; VAS, visual analog scale.