Table 2.

Summary of Advanced Imaging Modalities for the Assessment of Barrett Esophagus

Modality	Definition	Equipment	Field
Narrow-band imaging	Uses blue-green spectrum of light (415-540 nm) to capitalize on the peak absorption of hemoglobin, accentuating visualization of the mucosal vasculature	Olympus	Field of view: 140° Depth of field: 3-100 mm
Chromoendoscopy	Absorptive and contrast stains applied to esophageal mucosa to highlight superficial mucosal architecture	Stains, white-light endoscope	NA
Confocal laser endomicroscopy	Fluorescence emission by a low-powered laser that can generate in vivo images of esophageal mucosa at histologic-level resolution	pCLE: Cellvizio, Mauna Kea Technologies eCLE: Pentax confocal laser endomicroscope	pCLE field of view: 240-600 µm Special resolution: 1.0-3.5 µm eCLE field of view: 475 µm
Volumetric laser endomicroscopy	Second-generation optical coherence tomography device; generates wide-field, cross-sectional views of the esophagus, allowing for a comprehensive assessment of the esophageal mucosa and submucosa	NvisionVLE, NinePoint Medical	Lateral resolution: 30 µm

eCLE, endoscope-based confocal laser endomicroscopy; NA, not applicable; pCLE, probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy.