Table 1. . Major morbidity or mortality.

Parameter	Estimate	95% CI	p-value
Age (years)
40–59	0.85	0.71–1.03	0.09
60–79	0.99	0.83–1.18	0.91
80+	1.04	0.74–1.48	0.81
BMI (kg/m2)
– <20	0.72	0.48–1.07	0.11
– >35	1.41	1.09–1.81	0.01
Nonelective operation	1.15	1.01–1.32	0.03
Female sex	0.88	0.79–0.97	0.01
Inpatient	1.24	0.69–2.22	0.47
Nonwhite race	1.11	0.96–1.29	0.16
ASA class
(2) mild disturbance	0.89	0.65–1.22	0.47
(3) Severe disturbance	1.06	0.80–1.42	0.67
(4/5) Life-threatening/moribound	1.21	0.85–1.71	0.29
Comorbidities
Bleeding disorders	0.97	0.71–1.34	0.87
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder	1.07	0.85–1.34	0.55
Congestive heart failure	1.31	0.83–2.07	0.25
Diabetes	0.95	0.81–1.10	0.47
Dialysis (current)	0.79	0.37–1.67	0.53
Disseminated cancer	0.99	0.86–1.13	0.85
Dyspnea	1.18	0.95–1.46	0.14
Functional dependence	1.19	0.97–1.46	0.09
Hypertension	1.05	0.94–1.18	0.36
Renal failure	2.48	1.32–4.66	0.00
Smoking	0.95	0.84–1.09	0.48
SIRS/sepsis/septic shock	0.94	0.72–1.22	0.63
Steroids (for chronic condition)	1.20	1.04–1.37	0.01
Transfusion (preoperative)	1.22	0.70–2.14	0.48
Ventilator dependent	0.99	0.63–1.56	0.98
Weight loss	1.09	0.77–1.53	0.64
Wound infection/open wound (preoperative)	1.32	0.90–1.95	0.16

ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologist; SIRS: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome.