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. 2018 Jun 15;9:1809–1819. doi: 10.3762/bjnano.9.172

Table 1.

Overview of methods and parameters, topography carrier in all cases is the first eigenmode of the cantilever ωt = ω0. ω1 represents the second eigenmode of the cantilever.

Method electrical excitation electrical detection feedback UAC
AM Lift Mode ωE = ω0 ω0 X(ω0) = min 1 V
AM 2 EM ωE = ω1 ω1 X(ω1) = min 1 V
AM Off Res ω0>> ωE = 10 kHz ωE X(ωE) = min 1 V
FM Sideband ω0 >> ωE = 1.5 kHz ω0 ± ωE X(ω0 + ωE) − X(ω0 − ωE) 2 V
FM Heterodyne ωE = ω1 − ω0 ω1 X(ω1) = min 1 V