Table 2.
Unadjusted and adjusted ORs (95% CI) for the association between teacher-reported practices and policy content with lifetime cannabis use, cannabis use in the last 30 days, cannabis use daily in the last 30 days, lifetime mephedrone and NPS use
| Lifetime cannabis use | Cannabis last 30 days | Cannabis daily | Lifetime mephedrone use | Lifetime NPS use | |||||||||||
| Null | Model 1 | Model 2 | Null | Model 1 | Model 2 | Null | Model 1 | Model 2 | Null | Model 1 | Model 2 | Null | Model 1 | Model 2 | |
| Teacher reported (n=18 939) | |||||||||||||||
| Student involvement in policy development Student council |
1.24 0.89 to 1.73 |
1.25 0.85 to 1.84 | 1.38 0.82 to 2.32 |
1.06 0.67 to 1.56 | 1.31 0.92 to 1.87 | ||||||||||
| Other consultation | 1.42 0.94 to 2.14 |
1.35 0.84 to 2.17 |
1.46 0.79 to 2.70 |
1.00 0.62 to 1.60 | 1.16 0.75 to 1.79 | ||||||||||
| Use isolation | 0.98 0.67 to 1.43 |
1.08 0.70 to 1.67 |
1.12 0.64 to 1.98 |
1.96 1.17 to 3.28 | 1.03 0.69 to 1.55 |
||||||||||
| ICC | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.10 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.11 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| BIC | 7192.83 | 6174.39 | 6200.6 | 4593.39 | 4143.34 | 4170.80 | 1666.77 | 1570.19 | 1597.59 | 2347.79 | 2247.80 | 2270.28 | 3008.63 | 2814.19 | 2841.51 |
| AIC | 7177.13 | 5970.31 | 5972.98 | 4577.70 | 3939.27 | 3943.18 | 1651.08 | 1366.12 | 1369.97 | 2332.09 | 2043.72 | 2042.66 | 2992.93 | 2610.11 | 2613.89 |
| Policy content (n=9006) | |||||||||||||||
| Condemns | 0.77 0.45 to 1.31 |
0.98 0.54 to 1.77 |
1.18 0.67 to 2.06 |
1.05 0.65 to 1.72 | 1.68 1.06 to 2.66 | ||||||||||
| ICC | 0.13 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.15 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.11 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.14 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.11 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
| BIC | 4061.79 | 3452.20 | 3460.37 | 2461.90 | 2264.91 | 2274.01 | 968.85 | 944.59 | 953.37 | 1292.08 | 1318.97 | 1328.03 | 1491.93 | 1454.51 | 1459.33 |
| AIC | 4047.58 | 3253.24 | 3254.31 | 2447.69 | 2065.96 | 2067.95 | 954.64 | 752.74 | 754.41 | 1277.87 | 1120.01 | 1121.97 | 1477.72 | 1255.55 | 1253.27 |
Reference categories for teacher-reported variables: no involvement of students in policy development; no use of isolation.
Reference categories for policy content variables: not condemning drug use. Model 1 adjusts for compositional variables: gender, year group, ethnicity, family structure, Family Affluence Scale, Free School Meal Entitlement and Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation. Model 2 adjusts for school context variables: Involvement of students in policy development, use of isolation and condemnation of drugs.
AIC, Akaike information criterion; BIC, Bayesian information criterion; ICC, interclass correlation coefficient; NPS, novel psychoactive substances.