Table 1.

Distribution of household and women characteristics in controls and differences with treatment group

	Analysis sample
	Control group (mean or proportion)	Difference: treatment−control	p values
Household characteristics
Number of members†	5.621	0.114	0.875
Number of sleeping rooms†	2.036	0.232	0.034**
Household has electricity?‡	0.2%	0.0%	0.827
Household has radio?‡	65.1%	0.4%	0.897
Household has bicycle?‡	49.9%	1.9%	0.699
Household has motorbike?‡	0.8%	−0.1%	0.879
Household has paraffin lamp?‡	93.9%	1.7%	0.815
Household has oxcart?‡	5.1%	−1.9%	0.198
Agricultural household‡	100%	−0.2%	0.422
Main flooring material: dirt, sand or dung‡	92.4%	−1.7%	0.565
Main roofing material: natural material‡	87.6%	−1.7%	0.697
Piped water‡	1.5%	2.2%	0.494
Traditional pit toilet‡	78.3%	4.4%	0.356
Wealth index†	−0.087	0.034	0.897
Woman characteristics
Married‡	71.8%	−4.9%	0.046**
Completed primary education‡	70.9%	2.8%	0.529
Completed secondary education‡	7.6%	−2.2%	0.268
Age†	24.592	−0.993	0.026**
Chewa‡	95.4%	−3.9%	0.452
Christian‡	98.3%	0.5%	0.609
Farmer‡	70.9%	−4.5%	0.316
Student‡	16.4%	2.3%	0.380
Small business owner‡	4.0%	2.1%	0.356
N	411	475

Household and mother level characteristics in 2004 corresponding to married main respondent mothers present in the second follow-up survey with children born after the intervention began in July 2005.

*p<0.1, **p<0.05, ***p<0.01. P values are calculated using the wild cluster bootstrap t procedure described by Cameron et al.³⁷

†Continuous variable, for which the mean is reported.

‡ Binary variable, for which proportions are reported.