Table 4.

Properties of Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS), PTSD Checklist Civilian version (PCL-C) and European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions 3 (EQ-5D) presented, divided and compared regarding gender

Instruments	Total (n=94)	Female (n=20)	Male (n=74)	P values (gender)
HADS
Depression
Mean score (SD)	3.5 (±3.5)	4.8 (±3.9)	3.2 (±3.4)	0.074
>7	12 (13)	5 (25)	7 (9)	0.076
>10	4 (4)	2 (10)	2 (3)	0.198
Anxiety
Mean score (SD)	5.4 (±4.6)	8.6 (±4.7)	4.5 (±4.2)	0.001
>7	28 (30)	12 (60)	16 (22)	0.002
>10	12 (13)	7 (35)	5 (7)	0.003
PCL-C
Post-traumatic stress
Mean score (SD)	31 (±13)	42 (±14)	28 (±10)	<0.001
PTSD by cut-off 44	15 (16)	8 (40)	7 (9)	0.003
PTSD by symptom criteria	20 (21)	11 (55)	9 (12)	<0.001
EQ-5D
Mobility
Moderate problems	17 (18)	7 (35)	10 (14)
Severe problems	1 (1)	0 (0)	1 (1)	0.048*
Self-care
Moderate problems	3 (3)	1 (5)	2 (3)
Severe problems	1 (1)	0 (0)	1 (1)	0.623*
Usual activities
Moderate problems	27 (29)	10 (50)	17 (23)
Severe problems	7 (7)	2 (10)	5 (7)	0.014*
Pain/discomfort
Moderate problems	35 (37)	11 (55)	24 (32)
Severe problems	3 (3)	1 (5)	2 (3)	0.041*
Anxiety/depression
Moderate problems	36 (38)	14 (70)	22 (30)
Severe problems	4 (4)	2 (10)	2 (3)	<0.001*
EQ-5D index†
Mean score (SD)	0.79 (±0.24)	0.66 (±0.26)	0.83 (±0.23)	0.002
EQ-VAS	n=86	n=17	n=69
Mean score (SD)	71.9 (±19)	61.2 (±15)	74.6 (±19)	0.002

n (%) unless otherwise stated.

*P-values for comparison between women with problems (moderate or severe) and men with problems (moderate or severe) in the EQ-5D dimensions.

†EQ-5D index values calculated with the UK EQ-5D index tariff.

PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; VAS, visual analogue scale.