Table 2.
Median Serum Concentrations of Cytokines and Chemokines in the Study Population, Stratified by HIV Status, Frailty Status, or Botha
| Variable | Total | HIV Status | Frailty Status | HIV and Frailty Status |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 42) | HIV− (n = 20) | HIV+ (n = 22) | P | Nonfrail (n = 21) | Frail (n = 21) | P | HIV− Nonfrail (n = 10) | HIV− Frail (n = 10) | HIV+ Nonfrail (n = 11) | HIV+ Frail (n = 11) | P | |
| Cytokines | ||||||||||||
| GM-CSF | 0.42a (0.39)b | 0.28 (0.50) | 0.47 (0.58) | .26 | 0.54 (0.79) | 0.32 (0.39) | .14 | 0.54 (0.64) | 0.17 (0.28) | 0.53 (0.77) | 0.42 (0.37) | .30 |
| IFN-γ | 4.95 (3.41) | 5.15 (3.64) | 4.81 (3.28) | .96 | 4.64 (2.92) | 5.14 (3.42) | .85 | 4.90 (3.54) | 5.19 (3.73) | 4.02 (2.92) | 4.83 (7.37) | .90 |
| IL-1 | 0.28 (0.31) | 0.28 (0.17) | 0.28 (0.34) | .67 | 0.23 (0.11) | 0.50 (0.76) | .05 | 0.25 (0.10) | 0.35 (0.16) | 0.23 (0.08) | 0.54 (0.48) | .16 |
| IL-10 | 0.25 (0.38) | 0.25 (0.36) | 0.25 (0.42) | .87 | 0.11 (0.32) | 0.30 (0.43) | .09 | 0.25 (0.34) | 0.22 (0.52) | 0.02 (0.31) | 0.36 (0.34) | .12 |
| IL-12p70 | 0.00 (0.02) | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.00 (0.03) | .76 | 0.00 (0.20) | 0.00 (0.00) | .43 | 0.00 (0.20) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.02) | 0.00 (0.04) | .70 |
| IL-2 | 0.34 (0.65) | 0.35 (0.51) | 0.34 (0.84) | .57 | 0.26 (0.22) | 0.68 (0.68) | .05 | 0.25 (0.12) | 0.68 (0.40) | 0.29 (0.22) | 0.75 (0.98) | .24 |
| IL-6 | 0.92 (1.04) | 1.01 (1.28) | 0.80 (1.10) | .47 | 0.63 (0.61) | 1.24 (1.48) | .01 | 0.70 (0.65) | 1.61 (2.01) | 0.61 (0.89) | 0.98 (0.94) | .04 |
| IL-8 | 12.62 (10.65) | 13.35 (9.21) | 11.86 (11.87) | 1.00 | 10.42 (7.65) | 15.79 (13.07) | .40 | 10.86 (6.56) | 15.54 (10.90) | 10.42 (10.29) | 16.16 (43.57) | .86 |
| TNF-α | 2.58 (1.33) | 2.27 (1.19) | 2.65 (1.55) | .04 | 2.40 (0.60) | 2.78 (1.92) | .22 | 2.19 (1.06) | 2.35 (1.58) | 2.63 (0.83) | 3.73 (1.54) | .09 |
| Chemokines, CRP, and Activated T Cells | ||||||||||||
| Eotaxin | 240.5 (163.3) | 258.8 (153.3) | 234.8 (170.5) | .84 | 292.6 (199.6) | 210.9 (107) | .024 | 306.7 (199.6) | 222.7 (133.1) | 292.6 (247.3) | 210.9 (153.2) | .15 |
| IP-10 | 274.8 (191) | 247 (93.6) | 364.4 (326.3) | .07 | 277.1 (147.8) | 272.5 (287.1) | .91 | 247 (119.3) | 248.3 (205.8) | 366.6 (333.4) | 298.9 (408.6) | .19 |
| MCP-1 | 274.4 (153.9) | 281.2 (123.4) | 236.6 (148.8) | .29 | 293.8 (113) | 228.6 (110.2) | .08 | 310.7 (93) | 258.2 (78.6) | 276.5 (144.3) | 201.9 (159.7) | .24 |
| MCP-4 | 167.3 (106.5) | 171 (82.1) | 161.6 (118.9) | .39 | 168.3 (77.7) | 147 (116.6) | .60 | 173.9 (47.4) | 160.3 (107.1) | 167.6 (118.2) | 132.1 (178.5) | .80 |
| MDC | 1406.1 (915.7) | 1543.9 (753) | 1268.2 (1001.1) | .13 | 1400.5 (789.6) | 1479.1 (1072.9) | .85 | 1426.7 (685.6) | 1777.4 (956.3) | 1289.8 (1001.3) | 1246.7 (1138.4) | .52 |
| MIP-1 | 129.8 (104.9) | 142 (88.8) | 128.1 (109) | .84 | 114.7 (73.7) | 167.3 (88.9) | .20 | 116.6 (78.5) | 167.7 (88.9) | 114.7 (109) | 147.5 (121.9) | .61 |
| TARC | 502.1 (471) | 504.6 (431.2) | 490.4 (474.3) | .24 | 511.5 (257.3) | 395.6 (694.9) | .83 | 504.6 (209) | 537 (784.8) | 511.5 (499.7) | 395.6 (458.9) | .70 |
| CRP c | 1.75 (8.50) | 1.80 (8.65) | 1.35 (8.20) | .54 | 0.90 (1.30) | 7.80 (11.00) | .01 | 1.75 (1.90) | 8.45 (12.40) | 0.50 (1.30) | 6.30 (11.40) | .03 |
| Activated CD4 | 4.3 (4.1) |
3.8 (3.9) |
4.3 (2.8) |
.88 | 4.3 (3.8) |
3.8 (5.5) |
.59 | 5.1 (3.6) |
3.6 (5.5) |
4.2 (4.7) |
4.6 (2.9) |
.92 |
| Activated CD8 | 17.1 (17.9) | 14.2 (27.3) | 19.2 (12.4) | .39 | 17.5 (11) | 15.4 (24.4) | .63 | 15.8 (15.7) | 7.2 (27.5) | 19.3 (6) |
18.2 (19.1) | .8 |
Abbreviations: CRP, C-reactive protein; IFN-γ, interferon-γ; IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; HIV+, human immunodeficiency virus infected; HIV− , HIV-uninfected.
aData
in pg/mL unless otherwise noted.
bIQR, interquartile range.
cData in mg/mL.
Bold = P ≤ .05.