Table 2.
Correlation between total HDL-P concentration and CVD events
| Author | Baseline of subjects | Adjusted for | Events | Follow-up time | HR(95%CI) or OR for 1-SD increment | HR(95%CI) or OR for Q4 vs Q1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mackey | MESA articipants without self-reported CVD,pregnancy, cancer, cognitive impairment, or weight > 136 kg,lipid-lowering medication use,TG > 400 mg/dl | model1:age,sex,ethnicity,hypertension,smoking; model2: model1 + HDL-C,LDL-P,LDL-C,TG | myocardial infarction, CHD death, resuscitated cardiac arrest, or definite or probable angina (followed by revascularization) | mean of 6.0 years | model1:0.70(0.59–0.82); model2: 0.68(0.54–0.85) | model 1: 0.46(0.30–0.71);model2: 0.49(0.27–0.86) |
| Hsia(group1) | postmenopausal women with intact uterus in Estrogen Plus Progestin Trial | age, treatment arm, smoking, alcohol use, diabetes, hypertension | CHD MI/coronary death | 4 years | 0.87 (0.67–1.13) | – |
| Hsia(group2) | postmenopausal women with prior hysterectomy in Estrogen Alone Trial | age, treatment arm, smoking, alcohol use, diabetes, hypertension | CHD MI/coronary death | 4 years | 0.64 (0.44–0.93) | – |
| Akinkuolie | subjects in the WHS free of self-reported CVD or cancer or lipid-lowering medications | model 1:age, race,blood pressure, smoking, menopausal status,hormone replacement therapy,and treatment assignment.model 2: model 1 + BMI,diabetes,LDL-C, LDL-P,TG and other HDL subclasses. | nonfatal MI, percutaneous coronary,intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting, and CHD death | median of 17 years | model1: 0.91(0.86–0.97); model2: 0.88(0.83–0.93) | model 1:0.77(0.64–0.92); model2:0.70(0.58–0.85) |
| Berger | postmenopausal women from the WHI-OS with no prior history of MI or stroke | smoking status,BMI,systolic blood pressure,use of anti-hypertensive medication,diabetes and physical activity | Ischemic stroke | mean follow-up of 7.9 years | – | 0.90(0.63–1.30) |
| Duprez | HIV-infected patients | model1:age, race, HIV-RNA and ART status, smoking, prior CVD, diabetes, use of BP-lowering drugs, use of lipid-lowering drugs, hepatitis co-infection, CD4+, BMI and major baseline ECG abnormalities;model2:model1 + LDL and triglycerides+D-dimer, IL-6 and hsCRP | non-fatal CHD events (defined as clinical and silent myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization and coronary artery disease requiring drug treatment), non-fatal atherosclerotic non-CHD (defined as stroke and peripheral arterial disease), congestive heart failure and fatal CVD (defines as CVD death and unwitnessed death) | – | – | model1: 0.41(0.2–0.7); model2: 0.57(0.3–1.1) |
| Kuller | men with metabolic syndrome within the MRFIT | white blood cell count,smoking status | CHD death | 18 years | – | 0.50(0.26–0.96) |
| Otvos | men with an established diagnosis of CHD in the VA-HIT | treatment,age, hypertension,smoking,BMI, diabetes | a nonfatal MI or CHD death | median of 5.1 years | 0.78(0.69–0.90) | – |
| Chandra | participants from the Dallas Heart Study not taking any lipid lowering medication or hormone replacement therapy,free from malignancy, connective tissue disease, or HIV | model1:age, sex, ethnicity, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, BMI, non-HDL-C, logTG, any lipid-lowering therapy, hormone replacement therapy, menopause, alcohol intake, and history of CHD at baseline; model2:model1 + HDL-C | non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke,coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), percutaneous coronary intervention, or cardiovascular death | median of 9.3 years | model1: 0.75(0.65–0.86); model2: 0.73(0.62–0.86) | – |
| Parish | high-risk individuals in the MRC/BHF HPS.A nonfasting blood total cholesterol concentration of at least 3.5 mmol/L (135 mg/dL) and either had a previous diagnosis of CHD, cerebrovascular disease, other occlusive disease of noncoronary arteries, or diabetes mellitus (type I or II) or men 65 years of age undergoing treatment for hypertension | model1:age, sex, simvastatin and vitamin allocation, smoking, prior disease, systolic blood pressure, estimated glomerular filtration rate, medication, and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide;model2 = model1 + LDL-P | nonfatal MI or coronary death other than death from heart failure or sudden death | mean of 5.3 years | model1: 0.88(0.83–0.92); model2: 0.89(0.85–0.93) | – |
| Musunuru | healthy people in the MDC-CC. Subjects with prior MI/stroke or on baseline lipid-lowering therapy were excluded | age, gender, systolic blood pressure, use of antihypertensivemedications,diabetes status, and current smoking status | myocardial infarction, stroke, and death from coronary heart disease, a secondary coronary endpoint of myocardial infarction and death from coronary heart disease | mean of 12.2 years | 0.78(0.68–0.90) | – |
| Harchaoui | participants in EPIC-Norfolk cohort.All individuals who reported a history of heart attack or stroke or use of lipid-lowering drugs at the baseline clinic visit were excluded | model1:smoking,myeloperoxidase, paraoxonase 1, and C-reactive protein levels; model2 = smoking+apol poprotein B and logTG | fatal or nonfatal CAD which was defined as codes 410 to 414 according to the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision | average of 6 years | – | model1: 0.78(0.59–1.03); model2: 0.53(0.40–0.72) |
TG triglyeride, CHD coronary heart disease, NMR nuclear magnetic resonance, LDL-P low density lipoprotein particles, LDL-C low density lipoprotein cholesterol, MI myocardial infarction, BMI body mass index, CAD coronary artery disease, HIV Human immunoddficiency virus, ART antiretroviral therapy, ECG electrocardiography, hsCRP high sensitivity C-Reactive Protein, MESA ulti-ethnic study of atherosclerosis, WHS omen’s Health Study, WHI-OS Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study, MRFIT Multiplle Risk Factor Intervention Trial, VA-HIT Veterans Affairs High-Density Lipoprotein Intervantion Trial, HPS Heart Protection Study, MDC-CC Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, EPIC European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition