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Paraneoplastic manifestations are present in up to 10–40% of patients with renal cell carcinoma
| ENDOCRINE | NON-ENDOCRINE |
|---|---|
| Hypertension | Kidney failure |
| Polycythemia | Anemia |
| Hepatic dysfunction (not due to metastasis) | Coagulopathy |
| Hypercalcemia | Neuropathy and myopathy |
| Cushing’s syndrome | Vasculopathy |
| Glucose metabolism alterations | Amyloidosis |
| Galactorrhea |
