Table 3.
Hazard ratio of diabetes and pre-diabetes among women with and without GDM by various subgroups
| Diabetes | Pre-diabetesa | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Non-GDM | GDM | Non-GDM | GDM | |
| Women with early postpartum follow-up (mean 3.53 years)b | ||||
| Body mass index (kg/m2)c | ||||
| <25 | 1 | 50.2 (13.1-193) | 1 | 26.8 (17.8-40.5) |
| ≥25 | 1 | 164 (18.3-1464) | 1 | 25.3 (14.3-44.8) |
| Age at delivery groups (years)c | ||||
| <30 | 1 | 132 (22.6-774) | 1 | 28.6 (18.2-44.6) |
| ≥30 | 1 | 60.0 (9.93-363) | 1 | 29.3 (16.8-50.9) |
| Women with extended postpartum follow-up (mean 4.40 years) b | ||||
| Body mass index (kg/m2)c | ||||
| <25 | 1 | 8.45 (2.67-26.8) | 1 | 2.47 (1.92-3.18) |
| ≥25 | 1 | 22.0 (5.26-91.9) | 1 | 1.78 (1.29-2.46) |
| Age at delivery groups (years)c | ||||
| <30 | 1 | 19.1 (5.76-63.3) | 1 | 2.20 (1.69-2.85) |
| ≥30 | 1 | 7.91 (2.36-26.5) | 1 | 2.14 (1.57-2.91) |
a
Excluding type 2 diabetes.
b
All analyses were adjusted for age, education, family income, family history of diabetes, current smoking, passive smoking, current alcohol drinking, leisure time physical activity, sleeping time, energy consumption, fiber, fat, protein and carbohydrate consumption, sweetened beverage drinking, and body mass index, other than the variables for stratification.
c
All P for interaction >0.25.