Table 1.

Sample compositions, size, ζ-potential, PDI values and lipophilic shell features (polarity and microviscosity) of NEs.

Samples	Medium	Noil (%w/w)	Tw20 (%w/w)	HD (nm) ± SD	ζ-Pot (mV) ± SD	PDI ± SD	Polarity (AU) ± SD	MicroV (AU) ± SD
A1	Water	33.3	66.6	30.98 ± 0.49	−7.29 ± 1.54	0.20 ± 0.01	0.97 ± 0.01	1.18 ± 0.02
A2	Hepes			30.47 ± 0.28	−16.80 ± 1.22	0.23 ± 0.01	0.94 ± 0.02	1.19 ± 0.01
B1	Water	20.0	80.0	21.73 ± 0.30	−6.35 ± 1.87	0.22 ± 0.01	0.97 ± 0.01	1.22 ± 0.03
B2	Hepes			22.62 ± 0.23	−13.80 ± 1.40	0.24 ± 0.01	0.97 ± 0.01	1.22 ± 0.01
C1	Water	12.4	83.6	15.42 ± 0.11	−5.45 ± 0.21	0.18 ± 0.01	0.97 ± 0.01	1.21 ± 0.02
C2	Hepes			16.76 ± 0.27	−15.00 ± 1.79	0.22 ± 0.01	0.96 ± 0.01	1.21 ± 0.01

NE samples were prepared using two different aqueous media: water and Hepes buffer (10⁻²M pH 7.4).

Noil: Neem oil; Tw20: Tween 20; HD: hydrodynamic diameter; ζ-Pot: ζ-potential; MicroV: microviscosity.

Results are expressed as means ± SD (n = 3).