Table 3.
Mean difference between POWER and NHANES adjusted for sex, age, race/ethnicity (African American, Asian/Other, Latino/Hispanic and White), insurance status (Private or Private+Public, Public or None, Missing or Unknown) and multiple of the 95th BMI percentile for all subjects and each obesity class
| Outcome | POWER mean (SD) | NHANES mean (SD) | Adjusted mean difference (POWER‐NHANES) (95% CI) | P‐value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All subjects | ||||
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 118.9 (12.1) | 111.1 (10.2) | 6.5 (5.5, 7.6) | <0.001 |
| Systolic BP percentile | 67.8 (26.5) | 46.9 (26.4) | 17.3 (14.5, 20) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 69.1 (9.9) | 57.7 (13.9) | 10.1 (8.8, 11.4) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic BP percentile | 60 (25.1) | 34.6 (26.8) | 21.9 (19.1, 24.7) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.4 (0.4) | 5.3 (0.3) | 0.1 (0, 0.1) | 0.038 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 89.3 (8.8) | 95.7 (7.1) | −6.9 (−8.2, −5.6) | <0.001 |
| Fasting insulin (uU/mL) | 26 (23) | 24.9 (13.4) | −2.3 (−5.1, 0.6) | 0.117 |
| HOMA‐IR | 5.8 (5.2) | 5.9 (3.4) | −0.9 (−1.6, −0.2) | 0.014 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 159.4 (35.6) | 155.6 (28.3) | 3.6 (−1.1, 8.2) | 0.131 |
| LDL‐c (mg/dL) | 92.5 (29.8) | 90.9 (24.7) | 0.8 (−3.3, 4.9) | 0.707 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 131.9 (81.3) | 95.6 (59.2) | 33.6 (22.9, 44.3) | <0.001 |
| HDL‐c (mg/dL) | 42 (10.5) | 45.7 (9.6) | −2.4 (−3.9, −0.9) | 0.002 |
| Non‐HDL‐c (mg/dL) | 117.3 (36.1) | 109.9 (28) | 5.9 (1.3, 10.4) | 0.012 |
| ALT (U/L) | 33.4 (29) | 24.2 (19.1) | 7.8 (5.5, 10.1) | <0.001 |
| Class 1 obesity | ||||
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 115.7 (11.8) | 109.7 (9.8) | 6.7 (5.2, 8.3) | <0.001 |
| Systolic BP percentile | 62.4 (27.5) | 43.5 (26.3) | 18.9 (14.8, 23) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 66.9 (9.6) | 56.9 (13.8) | 10.4 (8.4, 12.3) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic BP percentile | 54.9 (25) | 32.6 (26.1) | 21.9 (17.9, 26) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.3 (0.3) | 5.3 (0.3) | 0.1 (0, 0.2) | 0.062 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 88.6 (8.5) | 94.6 (7) | −6.2 (−8.1, −4.3) | <0.001 |
| Fasting insulin (uU/mL) | 20.9 (22.4) | 19.7 (8.3) | 0.2 (−4.2, 4.5) | 0.939 |
| HOMA‐IR | 4.7 (5.2) | 4.6 (2.1) | −0.2 (−1.2, 0.8) | 0.710 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 158.7 (34.8) | 153.9 (27.5) | 4.4 (−2.2, 11) | 0.190 |
| LDL‐c (mg/dL) | 91.1 (29.9) | 87.6 (23.9) | 3.5 (−2.5, 9.6) | 0.255 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 133.5 (85.6) | 97.3 (62.4) | 32.3 (15.7, 48.8) | <0.001 |
| HDL‐c (mg/dL) | 43 (10.2) | 46.5 (9.6) | −2.8 (−4.9, −0.7) | 0.010 |
| Non‐HDL‐c (mg/dL) | 115.5 (35.9) | 107.4 (27.8) | 6.9 (0.3, 13.6) | 0.041 |
| ALT (U/L) | 28.7 (20.1) | 22.8 (20.8) | 5.7 (2.1, 9.3) | 0.002 |
| Class 2 obesity | ||||
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 117.5 (10.5) | 111.4 (10.5) | 6.6 (4.8, 8.5) | <0.001 |
| Systolic BP percentile | 65.5 (25.8) | 47.4 (25.2) | 17.8 (13, 22.6) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 68.2 (9.3) | 57.6 (13.4) | 10.7 (8.4, 13.1) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic BP percentile | 58.4 (24.7) | 33.9 (26.4) | 24.5 (19.5, 29.5) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.4 (0.4) | 5.3 (0.3) | 0.1 (0, 0.2) | 0.014 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 89.3 (8.1) | 98.2 (7.6) | −8.2 (−10.7, −5.8) | <0.001 |
| Fasting insulin (uU/mL) | 23.2 (15.9) | 31.7 (15.8) | −7.5 (−12.5, −2.5) | 0.004 |
| HOMA‐IR | 5.1 (3.7) | 7.8 (4.3) | −2.3 (−3.7, −1) | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 163.7 (39.1) | 159.1 (30.9) | 3.8 (−4.9, 12.5) | 0.396 |
| LDL‐c (mg/dL) | 94.8 (32) | 96.5 (26.7) | −1.9 (−9.2, 5.4) | 0.607 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 133 (88.6) | 88.7 (42.1) | 42 (27.8, 56.3) | <0.001 |
| HDL‐c (mg/dL) | 42.6 (10) | 45.2 (10.2) | −2.8 (−5.6, 0) | 0.053 |
| Non‐HDL‐c (mg/dL) | 120.7 (40) | 113.9 (29.9) | 6.2 (−2.2, 14.7) | 0.149 |
| ALT (U/L) | 34 (29.3) | 26.1 (16) | 8.4 (5.1, 11.7) | <0.001 |
| Class 3 obesity | ||||
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 122.6 (12.7) | 116.1 (10) | 5.8 (3.6, 8.1) | <0.001 |
| Systolic BP percentile | 74.1 (25.2) | 59.4 (25.4) | 11.3 (5.2, 17.5) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 71.5 (10.3) | 61.3 (14.8) | 9.2 (5.8, 12.6) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic BP percentile | 65.3 (24.4) | 44.3 (28.2) | 18 (11.2, 24.8) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.4 (0.4) | 5.5 (0.3) | −0.1 (−0.2, 0) | 0.123 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 90 (9.6) | 96 (5.6) | −7.5 (−10, −4.9) | <0.001 |
| Fasting insulin (uU/mL) | 33.6 (27.7) | 32.6 (15.3) | −0.4 (−9.3, 8.4) | 0.923 |
| HOMA‐IR | 7.4 (6.1) | 7.7 (3.5) | −0.6 (−2.5, 1.4) | 0.576 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 155.8 (31.9) | 156.8 (26) | −0.9 (−11.1, 9.4) | 0.871 |
| LDL‐c (mg/dL) | 91.4 (27.1) | 94.1 (21.7) | −2.6 (−11, 5.8) | 0.541 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 129.2 (68.6) | 101.5 (70.1) | 21.6 (−3.8, 46.9) | 0.097 |
| HDL‐c (mg/dL) | 40.5 (11.1) | 42.7 (7.7) | −1 (−4.3, 2.3) | 0.556 |
| Non‐HDL‐c (mg/dL) | 115.5 (31.4) | 114.1 (24.2) | 0.4 (−8.7, 9.5) | 0.937 |
| ALT (U/L) | 36.5 (33.6) | 27 (16.1) | 9 (4.4, 13.6) | <0.001 |
BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HOMA‐IR, homeostasis model assessment‐insulin resistance; HDL‐c, HDL‐cholesterol; LDL‐c, LDL‐cholesterol; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; POWER, Pediatric Obesity and Weight Evaluation Registry.