. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jun 20.

Published in final edited form as: Rev Black Polit Econ. 2017 Jan 1;44(1-2):77–97. doi: 10.1007/s12114-017-9248-y

Table I.A.

Fixed Effects

Variables	All	Males	Females	Blacks	Whites	Black Males	White Males	Black Females	White Females
Swimmers Rate	0.8933	−2.2873	1.0360	−20.1234^***	0.4650	−23.4726^***	−0.3384	−8.0370^**	0.2724
	[0.968]	[1.907]	[0.693]	[4.993]	[1.117]	[7.580]	[2.043]	[3.552]	[0.810]
Population density	−0.0027^***	−0.0030^**	−0.0020^**	−0.0021^*	−0.0038^***	−0.0019	−0.0045^***	−0.0021^*	−0.0023^**
	[0.001]	[0.001]	[0.001]	[0.001]	[0.001]	[0.002]	[0.001]	[0.001]	[0.001]
Income per capita	0.0001^***	0.0001^*	0.0001^***	0.0001^**	0.0001^*	0.0001	0.0001	0.0001^*	0.0001^**
	[0.000]	[0.000]	[0.000]	[0.000]	[0.000]	[0.000]	[0.000]	[0.000]	[0.000]
College Education	0.0205	0.0555	−0.0030	−0.0104	0.0676	−0.0082	0.1130	0.0053	0.0196
	[0.050]	[0.072]	[0.039]	[0.072]	[0.061]	[0.098]	[0.084]	[0.054]	[0.053]
State Water Percentage	2.4390^**	4.1191^***	1.2038	1.1636	4.0773^***	2.0358	6.8435^***	0.9100	1.3712
	[0.954]	[1.426]	[0.734]	[1.298]	[1.249]	[1.796]	[1.735]	[0.919]	[1.042]
Summer Mean Temperature	0.1124	0.0707	0.1912^**	0.0788	0.1898	0.0327	0.1739	0.1268	0.2360^**
	[0.097]	[0.146]	[0.082]	[0.148]	[0.118]	[0.205]	[0.182]	[0.118]	[0.102]
State Water Percentage* Summer Mean Tempe	−0.0359^***	−0.0613^***	−0.0165	−0.0185	−0.0586^***	−0.0330	−0.0981^***	−0.0124	−0.0193
	[0.013]	[0.020]	[0.010]	[0.018]	[0.017]	[0.025]	[0.024]	[0.013]	[0.014]
Cooling Degree Days (CDD)	0.0123^**	0.0179^**	0.0013	0.0148^**	0.0077	0.0237^**	0.0086	−0.0009	0.0028
	[0.005]	[0.007]	[0.004]	[0.007]	[0.006]	[0.010]	[0.009]	[0.006]	[0.006]
Coast Line (miles)	0.0004^*	0.0002	0.0002	0.0007^**	0.0001	0.0008^*	−0.0004	−0.0000	0.0004
	[0.000]	[0.000]	[0.000]	[0.000]	[0.000]	[0.000]	[0.000]	[0.000]	[0.000]
CDD*CoastLine	0.0000	0.0000^*	0.0000	−0.0000	0.0000^*	0.0000	0.0000^**	0.0000	−0.0000
	[0.000]	[0.000]	[0.000]	[0.000]	[0.000]	[0.000]	[0.000]	[0.000]	[0.000]
Female	−4.8729^***			−5.0359^***	−4.5796^***
	[0.247]			[0.315]	[0.365]
Black	−0.4888	−1.1031^**	−0.2761
	[0.358]	[0.504]	[0.310]
Year	−0.4406^***	−0.5070^***	−0.2560^***	−0.4791^***	−0.3861^***	−0.5687^***	−0.4332^***	−0.2551^***	−0.2519^***
	[0.070]	[0.103]	[0.053]	[0.099]	[0.084]	[0.137]	[0.118]	[0.073]	[0.071]
Middle Atlantic	3.3870^***	4.1130^***	1.8286^***	2.8467^***	3.7687^***	2.9667^***	5.1654^***	1.7163^**	1.7246^**
	[0.532]	[0.656]	[0.540]	[0.771]	[0.680]	[0.920]	[0.812]	[0.701]	[0.727]
East North Central	3.2511^***	3.8870^***	1.7302^***	2.1061^***	3.8591^***	1.9580^**	5.1142^***	1.1774^*	2.0108^***
	[0.514]	[0.681]	[0.466]	[0.762]	[0.640]	[0.951]	[0.819]	[0.629]	[0.622]
West North Central	0.8041	0.6444	0.3553	−0.9684	1.1686	−0.8087	0.8129	−1.0505	0.9928
	[0.702]	[0.912]	[0.609]	[1.245]	[0.743]	[1.339]	[0.898]	[1.044]	[0.799]
South Atlantic	0.6699	0.7555	0.2081	0.7822	−0.0263	0.2093	0.8478	0.8672	−0.7690
	[0.678]	[0.926]	[0.606]	[1.006]	[0.837]	[1.302]	[1.067]	[0.782]	[0.824]
East South Central	0.4872	0.2845	0.4905	0.7532	−0.2432	−0.0965	0.0135	1.2407	−0.3878
	[0.925]	[1.319]	[0.811]	[1.315]	[1.153]	[1.756]	[1.536]	[1.044]	[1.122]
West South Central	0.2414	0.2407	0.1200	−0.5997	0.6291	−3.0527^*	3.2439^*	1.4348	−1.5600
	[0.947]	[1.362]	[0.799]	[1.278]	[1.276]	[1.710]	[1.700]	[1.002]	[1.134]
Constant	868.8349^***	1,003.3409^***	494.1764^***	948.6713^***	755.0230^***	1,129.5289^***	849.5229^***	497.8071^***	481.9563^***
	[138.143]	[203.567]	[105.844]	[196.459]	[166.958]	[270.868]	[233.446]	[144.353]	[139.376]
Sigma	2.8768^***	3.1019^***	1.6712^***	2.7132^***	2.6543^***	2.7104^***	2.7382^***	1.4951^***	1.6621^***
	[0.104]	[0.121]	[0.095]	[0.130]	[0.148]	[0.150]	[0.171]	[0.103]	[0.134]
Observations	1,008	504	504	504	504	252	252	252	252

Robust standard errors in brackets

^***

p<0.01,

^**

p<0.05,

p<0.1