Table 1.
Estimated Coefficients of the Effect of Competitive Swimming Rates on Drowning from Tobit Fixed Effects Regression
| Variables | All | Males | Females | Blacks | Whites |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Swimmers Rate | 0.8933 | −2.2873 | 1.0360 | −20.1234*** | 0.4650 |
| [0.968] | [1.907] | [0.693] | [4.993] | [1.117] | |
| State Water Percentage | 2.4390** | 4.1191*** | 1.2038 | 1.1636 | 4.0773*** |
| [0.954] | [1.426] | [0.734] | [1.298] | [1.249] | |
| Summer Mean Temperature | 0.1124 | 0.0707 | 0.1912** | 0.0788 | 0.1898 |
| [0.097] | [0.146] | [0.082] | [0.148] | [0.118] | |
| Cooling Degree Days (CDD) | 0.0123** | 0.0179** | 0.0013 | 0.0148** | 0.0077 |
| [0.005] | [0.007] | [0.004] | [0.007] | [0.006] | |
| Coast Line (miles) | 0.0004* | 0.0002 | 0.0002 | 0.0007** | 0.0001 |
| [0.000] | [0.000] | [0.000] | [0.000] | [0.000] | |
| Female | −4.8729*** | −5.0359*** | −4.5796*** | ||
| [0.247] | [0.315] | [0.365] | |||
| Black | −0.4888 | −1.1031** | −0.2761 | ||
| [0.358] | [0.504] | [0.310] | |||
| Year | −0.4406*** | −0.5070*** | −0.2560*** | −0.4791*** | −0.3861*** |
| [0.070] | [0.103] | [0.053] | [0.099] | [0.084] | |
| Constant | 868.8349*** | 1,003.3409*** | 494.1764*** | 948.6713*** | 755.0230*** |
| [138.143] | [203.567] | [105.844] | [196.459] | [166.958] | |
| Sigma | 2.8768*** | 3.1019*** | 1.6712*** | 2.7132*** | 2.6543*** |
| [0.104] | [0.121] | [0.095] | [0.130] | [0.148] | |
| Observations | 1,008 | 504 | 504 | 504 | 504 |
Robust standard errors in brackets
***
p<0.01,
**
p<0.05,
*
p<0.1