Table 4.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of postnatal CMV-positive infants
| CMV positive (N = 19) | CMV negative/not tested (N = 1,061) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| BW in g, mean (SD) | 743 (208) | 926 (198) | < 0.001 |
| GA in wk, mean (SD) | 26.1 (1.7) | 27.4 (2.2) | 0.01 |
| Male gender, N (%) | 14 (73.7) | 527 (49.7) | 0.04 |
| Race, N (%) | |||
| White | 4 (21.1) | 565 (53.3) | 0.02 |
| Black | 8 (42.1) | 235 (22.2) | |
| Others | 7 (36.8) | 261 (24.6) | |
| Multiple gestation, N (%) | 9 (47.4) | 417 (39.3) | 0.48 |
| Antenatal steroid use, N (%) | 17 (89.5) | 939 (89.1) | 1.0 |
| Cesarean section, N (%) | 16 (84.2) | 849 (80.3) | 1.0 |
| 5-minute Apgar score < 5, N (%) | 3 (15.8) | 66 (6.2) | 0.11 |
| Surfactant use, N (%) | 17 (89.5) | 900 (85.1) | 1.0 |
| MV duration, N (%) | |||
| None | 0 | 137 (13.0) | 0.03 |
| ≤ 48 h | 3 (15.8) | 346 (32.7) | |
| > 48 h | 16 (84.2) | 575 (54.6) | |
| Any HFV, N (%) | 6 (31.6) | 244 (23.1) | 0.41 |
| Postnatal steroids, N (%) | 0 | 49 (4.6) | 1.0 |
| PDA ligation, N (%) | 6 (37.5) | 186 (31.7) | 0.62 |
| IVH ≥ Grade III or PVL, N (%) | 2 (10.5) | 116 (10.9) | 0.71 |
| BPD, N (%)a | 14 (73.7) | 303 (33.5) | <0.001 |
| Early-onset sepsis, N (%) | 0 | 30 (2.8) | 1.0 |
| Late-onset sepsis, N (%) | 4 (21.1) | 265 (25.3) | 0.80 |
| NEC, N (%) | 4 (21.1) | 101 (9.5) | 0.11 |
| ROP, N (%) | 5 (26.3) | 171 (17) | 0.35 |
| Median days of stay (IQR)b | 101 (92–119) | 78 (62–99) | 0.001 |
| Disposition, N (%) | |||
| Died | 0 | 15 (1.4) | 0.73 |
| Transfer | 4 (21.1) | 283 (26.7) | |
| Home | 15 (79) | 763 (71.9) | |
Abbreviations: BPD, bronchopulmonary dysplasia; BW, birth weight; CMV, cytomegalovirus; HFV, high-frequency ventilation; IVH, intraventricular hemorrhage; IQR, interquartile range; MV, mechanical ventilation; NEC, necrotizing enterocolitis; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus; PVL, periventricular leukomalacia; ROP, retinopathy of prematurity.
Note: Comparison includes infants with birth weight < 1,250 g, born from 2003 to 2013 (N = 1,080) (see “Methods” section).
A total of 157 infants were discharged/transferred (147) or died (10) before 36 weeks corrected and therefore could not be evaluated for the outcome of BPD. Other missing data are antenatal steroid administration (7), mode of delivery (3), surfactant (3), HFV (4), postnatal steroid treatment (7), MV (3), ROP (54), and PDA ligation (10).
Length of stay for infants discharged home.