Table 2.
Comparison of demographic and clinical characteristics among late stage HCC patients (BCLC stage C and D) who used hospice to those who did not, by receipt of treatment. (n = 814)
| Non-Hospice User, No Treatment n = 85 (%) |
Hospice User, No Treatment n = 332 (%) |
p | Non-Hospice User, Treatment n = 132 (%) |
Hospice User, Treatment n = 265 (%) |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic Characteristics | ||||||
| Age (median, IQR) | 60.2 (14.0) | 62.2 (17.2) | 0.05 | 61.2 (10.0) | 61.0 (12.0) | 0.6 |
| Gender: Male | 84 (98.8) | 331 (99.7) | 0.3 | 132 (100) | 265 (100) | |
| Race | 0.01 | 0.8 | ||||
| White | 45 (52.9) | 206 (62.1) | 77 (58.3) | 164 (61.9) | ||
| Black | 27 (31.8) | 91 (27.4) | 32 (24.2) | 62 (23.4) | ||
| Hispanic | 7 (8.2) | 31 (9.3) | 21 (15.9) | 34 (12.8) | ||
| Other | 6 (7.1) | 4 (1.2) | 2 (1.5) | 5 (1.9) | ||
| Additional Insurance | 44 (51.8) | 159 (47.9) | 0.5 | 80 (60.6) | 125 (47.2) | 0.01 |
| Geographic Region | 0.05 | 0.5 | ||||
| Central | 10 (11.8) | 65 (19.6) | 17 (12.9) | 47 (17.7) | ||
| East | 25 (29.4) | 81 (24.4) | 35 (26.5) | 59 (22.3) | ||
| South | 27 (31.8) | 131 (39.5) | 48 (36.4) | 88 (33.2) | ||
| West | 23 (27.1) | 55 (16.6) | 32 (24.2) | 71 (26.8) | ||
| Rural Residence | 0.5 | 0.9 | ||||
| No | 63 (74.1) | 257 (77.4) | 105 (79.6) | 212 (80.0) | ||
| Yes | 22 (25.9) | 75 (22.6) | 27 (20.5) | 53 (20.0) | ||
| Transplant Center | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| No | 74 (87.1) | 288 (87.0) | 116 (87.9) | 232 (87.9) | ||
| Yes | 11 (12.9) | 43 (13.0) | 16 (12.1) | 32 (12.1) | ||
| Total Hospital Beds (mean, SD) | 7971.3 (8329.0) | 8394.9 (8306.8) | 0.7 | 8900 (9496.6) | 7747.2 (7217.6) | 0.2 |
| Clinical Characteristics | ||||||
| BLCL Stage | 0.9 | 0.5 | ||||
| Stage C | 51 (60.0) | 196 (59.0) | 108 (81.8) | 209 (78.9) | ||
| Stage D | 34 (40.0) | 136 (41.0) | 24 (18.2) | 56 (21.1) | ||
| HCC Etiology | ||||||
| HBV | 9 (10.6) | 14 (4.2) | 0.02 | 9 (6.8) | 11 (4.2) | 0.3 |
| HCV | 51 (60.0) | 197 (59.3) | 0.9 | 91 (68.9) | 177 (66.8) | 0.7 |
| Alcoholic Liver Dis. | 70 (82.4) | 251 (75.6) | 0.2 | 114 (86.4) | 213 (80.4) | 0.1 |
| MELD | 0.9 | 0.3 | ||||
| <10 | 28 (32.9) | 99 (29.8) | 54 (40.9) | 99 (37.4) | ||
| 10–19 | 44 (51.8) | 176 (53.0) | 58 (43.9) | 138 (52.1) | ||
| 20+ | 8 (9.4) | 38 (11.5) | 10 (7.6) | 11 (4.2) | ||
| Unknown | 5 (5.88) | 19 (5.7) | 10 (7.6) | 17 (6.4) | ||
| ECOG PS | 0.01 | 0.2 | ||||
| Poor (≥3) | 27 (31.8) | 137 (41.9) | 13 (10.1) | 37 (14.2) | ||
| Good (0–2) | 58 (68.2) | 190 (58.1) | 116 (89.9) | 223 (85.8) | ||
| Charlson/Deyo Score | 1.0 | 0.26 | ||||
| 0 | 23 (27.1) | 88 (26.5) | 25 (18.9) | 70 (26.4) | ||
| 1–2 | 27 (31.8) | 108 (32.5) | 38 (28.8) | 71 (26.8) | ||
| ≥3 | 35 (41.2) | 136 (41.0) | 69 (52.3) | 124 (46.8) | ||
| Managing Specialty | 0.009 | .0003 | ||||
| Oncology | 41 (50.6) | 223 (67.2) | 59 (44.7) | 167 (63.0) | ||
| Gastroenterology/Hepatology | 24 (28.2) | 52 (15.7) | 46 (34.9) | 75 (28.3) | ||
| Others* | 18 (21.2) | 57 (17.2) | 27 (20.5) | 23 (8.7) | ||
| Year of HCC Diagnosis | 0.7 | 0.9 | ||||
| 2004–2007 | 49 (57.7) | 185 (55.7) | 49 (37.1) | 96 (36.2) | ||
| 2008–2011 | 36 (42.4) | 147 (44.3) | 83 (62.9) | 169 (63.8) | ||
*
Others include tumor board, transplant, surgery, surgery, radiation oncology, primary care, and others