Table 1. Characteristics of Kuwaiti T1DM patients (n = 253) and controls (n = 214).

	T1DM Patients	Controls	P-value	OR*	95% CI**
Gender
Males	124	110	0.50	0.84	0.575–1.241
Females	129	104	0.51	1.062	0.792–1.691
Age (yrs., mean ± SD)
	8.5 (±5.5)	8.9 (±5.2)	NS
HbA1c
7–10%	194/253 (77%)	0
>10%	59/253 (23%)	0
<6.5%	0	100%
Ethnicity*
Kuwaiti	100%	100%	NS
Age onset of T1DM (No of subjects, %)
< 4 yrs.	51 (20%)
4–6 yrs.	71 (28%)
>6 yrs.	131 (52%)

*OR, Odds ratio;

**95% CI, 95% confidence interval; yrs., years, mean+SD, mean, standard deviation; N.S., not significant;

^aAll the study subjects (T1DM patients and controls) were Kuwaiti Nationals resident in three large population density areas of the country at the time of the study.