Table 1. Clinical factors of gastrointestinal cancer patients.

Clinical factors	Laparoscopic surgery (42)	Open surgery (29)	p-value
Sex
Men (55)	34 (61.8%)	21 (38.2%)	0.57
Women (16)	8 (50.0%)	8 (50.0%)
Age in years
<65 (14)	12 (85.7%)	2 (14.3%)	0.051
≥65 (57)	30 (52.6%)	27 (47.4%)
Tumor stage
Stage I/II (39)	27 (69.2%)	12 (30.8%)	0.096
Stage III/IV (32)	15 (46.9%)	17 (53.1%)
BMI (kg/m2)	22.3±2.9	20.6±2.9	0.28
Number of remaining teeth
≥20 (31)	18 (58.1%)	13 (41.9%)	0.65
10–19 (16)	11 (68.8%)	5 (31.3%)
0–9 (24)	13 (54.2%)	11 (45.8%)
Average number of remaining teeth	15.4±8.7	14.4±9.6	0.71
Denture
Non-user (28)	19 (67.9%)	9 (32.1%)	0.25
Partial denture (37)	21 (56.8%)	16 (43.2%)
Full denture (6)	2 (33.3%)	4 (66.7%)
Smoking
Non-smoker (37)	17 (45.9%)	20 (54.1%)	0.055
Former smoker (25)	19 (76.0%)	6 (24.0%)
Current smoker (9)	6 (66.7%)	3 (33.3%)
Diabetes
(-) (55)	35 (77.8%)	20 (22.2%)	0.26
(+) (16)	7 (43.8%)	9 (56.3%)
Hypertension
(-) (40)	26 (65.0%)	14 (35.0%)	0.38
(+) (31)	16 (51.6%)	15 (48.4%)
Cardiovascular disease
(-) (64)	38 (59.4%)	26 (40.6%)	1.0
(+) (7)	4 (57.1%)	3 (42.9%)
Respiratory disease
(-) (65)	39 (60.0%)	26 (40.0%)	0.68
(+) (6)	3 (50.0%)	3 (50.0%)
Cerebrovascular disease
(-) (65)	38 (58.5%)	27 (41.5%)	1.0
(+) (6)	4 (66.7%)	2 (33.3%)
Renal disease
(-) (64)	37 (57.8%)	27 (42.2%)	0.69
(+) (7)	5 (71.4%)	2 (28.6%)
Operation time (min)	278.2±123.0	309.0±121.3	0.46
Blood loss volume (ml)	116.7±150.8	590.5±556.8	<0.001
Fasting duration (day)	2.9±1.2	4.9±2.1	<0.001
Hospitalization duration (day)	18.6±6.7	31.9±16.9	<0.001

Fisher’s exact test or Mann-Whitney’s U test was used for statistical analysis, with p<0.05 were considered statistically significant