Table 2.

Suggested solutions to most frequent flow disruptions.

Disruption	Solutions
Repeat commands	Improve acoustics by reducing masking sounds and treating walls and ceiling with acoustically absorbent materials Improvements to microphone technology to allow the surgeon to communicate when their head is inside the console Training and emphasis on ‘read back’ to acknowledge commands
Supplies retrieval	Improve OR equipment storage Improve accessibility to equipment Improve process for bringing equipment into the OR Improve prediction of equipment required for case Improve communication regarding required equipment Use Lean-style stock management principles
Visual problems	Provide lens warmer for camera Improve camera insertion technique Improve camera control
Procedure specific & instrument training	Surgical cognitive task analysis Training needs analysis Provide improved resources for procedural learning & instrument training Develop simulation to include procedural learning & instrument training Require minimum knowledge and skills prior to participating in surgical robotics procedures