Table 2.
Quantitative comparison of metabolites (23) found in the cell culture media.
| Metabolites | Chemical Shiftc | Integral in H and N groupa | Integral in M and N group | Integral in L and N group | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FCb | VIP | FC | VIP | FC | VIP | ||
| Alanine | 1.48 (d), 3.78 (q) | 0.5546** | 2.1042 | 0.7392** | 2.1955 | 0.8930* | 1.4488 |
| Allantoin | 5.41 (s) | 1.9970* | 1.2710 | 1.5914 | 0.6796 | 1.9288 | 1.3164 |
| Formate | 8.46 (s) | 1.2739** | 2.1095 | 1.3103** | 2.3911 | 1.2997** | 2.6689 |
| Fructose | 3.69 (m), 3.82 (m), 3.90 (dd) | 0.9063** | 2.0266 | 0.9555** | 1.9630 | 1.0569* | 1.7715 |
| Glucose | 3.49 (t), 3.72 (dd), 5.24 (d) | 0.6004** | 2.1696 | 0.7428** | 2.3890 | 0.9310** | 1.9516 |
| Arginine | 1.91 (m), 3.24 (t), 3.78 (t) | 0.6724** | 2.1627 | 0.8021** | 2.3940 | 0.9427** | 1.9785 |
| Methionine | 2.14 (s), 2.16 (m), 3.86 (t) | 0.6966** | 2.1016 | 0.8249** | 2.1955 | 0.9507 | 1.3813 |
| Glutamate | 2.11 (m), 2.33 (m), 3.75 (m) | 1.3120** | 1.9648 | 1.2743** | 2.1997 | 1.1584** | 2.3668 |
| Succinate | 2.41 (s) | 2.9409** | 2.1890 | 2.2460** | 2.4270 | 1.1480** | 2.3037 |
| Glutamine | 2.13 (m), 2.44 (m) | 0.2441** | 2.1028 | 0.3388** | 2.3026 | 0.5654** | 2.4428 |
| Lysine | 1.46 (m), 1.73 (m), 3.77 (t) | 0.7725** | 2.0705 | 0.8596** | 2.2625 | 0.9166** | 2.0737 |
| Isoleucine | 1.02 (d), 1.46 (m) | 1.2343** | 1.9892 | 1.1539** | 1.9826 | 1.0756* | 1.6992 |
| Lactate | 1.33 (d), 4.12 (q) | 1.2797** | 1.5165 | 1.1638* | 1.3904 | 1.0022 | 0.3572 |
| Leucine | 0.96 (d), 1.69 (m), 3.74 (m) | 0.6525** | 2.1729 | 0.7808** | 2.3874 | 0.9735 | 1.0006 |
| N,N-Dimethylglycine | 2.92 (s), 3.72 (s) | 17.1029** | 2.1976 | 9.1770** | 2.4257 | 3.1164** | 2.6144 |
| N6-Acetyllysine | 1.41 (m), 1.90 (m), 3.74 (t) | 1.3563** | 1.8345 | 1.2610** | 1.8880 | 1.0904* | 1.5103 |
| Ornithine | 1.73 (m), 3.05 (t), 3.77 (t) | 1.6490** | 1.9002 | 1.4071** | 1.8105 | 1.0372 | 0.5523 |
| Pyroglutamate | 2.39 (m), 2.50 (m), 4.17 (dd) | 1.2075** | 1.4501 | 1.1655* | 1.3869 | 0.9671 | 0.3876 |
| Threonine | 1.33 (d), 3.56 (d) | 1.4552** | 2.1414 | 1.3227** | 2.3963 | 1.1463** | 2.2457 |
| Tyrosine | 3.06 (dd), 3.94 (m), 6.90 (d) | 0.8216** | 1.3951 | 0.8603* | 1.3507 | 1.0823 | 1.3854 |
| Valine | 0.99 (d), 1.05 (d), 2.28 (m) | 1.1046* | 1.2260 | 1.0793** | 1.5845 | 1.0178 | 0.3643 |
| τ-Methylhistidine | 3.24 (dd), 3.70 (s), 7.76 (s) | 3.9045* | 1.1948 | 3.2689* | 1.4839 | 0.6081 | 0.8213 |
| Phenylalanine | 3.29 (dd), 3.98 (m), 7.38 (m) | 1.2297** | 1.9856 | 1.1529** | 2.0863 | 1.0761** | 1.8162 |
aThe relative integrals of metabolites were determined from the 1H NMR analysis of cell culture media for each group. N: normal group; H: high emodin group (100 μΜ); M: middle emodin group (50 μM); L: low emodin group (10 μM).
bFC: fold change.
cThe chemical shifts in bold were used to calculate the integrals and p values.
**Compared with the normal group, p < 0.01; *compared with the normal group, p < 0.05.