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. 2018 Jun 20;8:9401. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-27760-z

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Cell-material interface: attachment, anchoring and orientation on BNC. In (a), multiphoton images (unseparated, AF + SHG) highlight the MSC attachment site and a few µm above. Signals derived from BNC are visible as dots (white arrows) and fibrous structures (blue arrows). The cells become visible by their AF signal. In (b), cell anchoring structures (filopodia) are shown in both an MPM (I, red arrows) and a fluorescence image (II, phalloidin-PF546 and DAPI). The zoom image in (II) highlights anchoring structures (red arrows) and multilayer cell arrangements (white arrows directed to DAPI-stained nuclei). Cell orientation patterns (white arrow) were observed in (II) and in (III) in between cell layers (staining with Calcein AM).