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. 2018 Jun 14;9:329. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00329

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Copyright © 2018 Nongonierma, Dellafiora, Paolella, Galaverna, Cozzini and FitzGerald.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Binding architectures of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory peptides. The protein is represented in cartoon while peptides and amino acid side chains are represented in sticks. Yellow dotted lines indicate the protein–peptide polar interactions. (A) Ile-Pro-Ile. (B) Crystallographic pose of Ile-Pro-Ile within human DPP-IV [PDB structure 1WCY (37)]. (C) Trp-Pro-Phe. (D) Ala-Pro-Ala. (E) Ale-Pro-Phe. (F) Ala-Pro-Arg. (G) Phe-Pro-Phe. (H) Ile-Pro-Ala. (I) Lys-Pro-Ala. (J) Phe-Pro-Ile. (K) Phe-Pro-Trp. (L) Ile-Pro-Phe. (M) Trp-Pro-Ile. (N) Ile-Pro-Trp. (O) Trp-Pro-Trp.