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. 2018 Jun 14;9:1301. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01301

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Copyright © 2018 Fleeman, Debevec, Antonen, Adams, Santos, Welmaker, Houghten, Giulianotti and Shaw.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Confirming efflux pump inhibition by polyamines using efflux deficient strains. (A) A P. aeruginosa proficient (1419) and deficient (1418) strain were subjected to combination testing of the polyamines at 12.5 μg mL^-1 and ½ X MIC of aztreonam. Fold potentiation was calculated by dividing the CFU mL^-1 for aztreonam only by the CFU mL^-1 of the combined treatment groups. (B) Lead polyamine 247 was assessed for its ability to potentiate the activity of chloramphenicol toward S. aureus strain United States 300 and its norA mutant. Shown is the potentiated chloramphenicol EC₉₀ calculated as described in A. Error bars are shown ± SEM.