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. 2018 Jun 14;9:718. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00718

FIGURE 3.

FIGURE 3

Dependence of transmural APD heterogeneity on the activation sequence. (A) Frequency-dependence of transmural differences of APD for ENDO (n = 7), EPI (n = 7), and PF (n = 7) stimulation sites. APD measurements were performed at origins of activation or origins of breakthrough on each surface for each stimulus location (black box shown in Figure 2). (B) Transmural differences of APD when pacing ENDO, EPI, and PF at different frequencies. (C) Mean ± SD APD at the PMJ for ENDO, EPI, or PF stimulation at 1 Hz (upper panel) and corresponding AP traces (lower panel). CL, cycle length. Statistical differences were determined by paired t-tests for ENDO and EPI pacing (∗p < 0.05), one-way repeated measures ANOVA for PF stimulation (PMJ vs EPI, ∗p < 0.05; PMJ vs ENDO, #p < 0.05; ENDO vs EPI, aaap < 0.05), and one-way ANOVA for transmural gradient (PF vs EPI pacing, ∗p < 0.05; PF vs ENDO pacing, #p < 0.05; ENDO vs EPI pacing, aaap < 0.05).