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. 2018 Jun 14;9:718. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00718

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Copyright © 2018 Martinez, Walton, Bayer, Haïssaguerre, Vigmond, Hocini and Bernus.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Transmural APD heterogeneity in human ventricular wedge model. (A) APs derives from human from PF, endocardial, and epicardial ionic models of control heart. Shown are the last of a train of 100 APs stimulated at 1 Hz. AT and APD maps in simulations from transmural cross-sections of wedges for ENDO (B), EPI (C), and PF (D) stimulation at 1 Hz. Right panels show transmural APD profiles intersecting the PMJ and APD profiles along the free-running PF (red line). Isochrones are 2 ms spacing for AT maps and 5 ms for APD maps.