Table 2.
Antioxidant effect of GLPS in different mouse and rat models
| Models | MDA/(μmol/L) | SOD/(U/L) | GSH‐Px/(U/L) | References | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Groups | Concentration | P‐value | Concentration | P‐value | Concentration | P‐value | ||
| SD rats cardiomyocytes | Normal control | 0.27 ± 0.032 | – | 40.85 ± 2.98 | – | – | – | 88 |
| H2O2 | 1.01 ± 0.078 | <.01 | 16.77 ± 2.01 | <.01 | – | – | ||
| PSG‐1‐L (25 mg/mL) | 0.59 ± 0.068 | <.01 | 26.98 ± 2.21 | <.01 | – | – | ||
| PSG‐1‐M (50 mg/mL) | 0.43 ± 0.045 | <.01 | 32.69 ± 2.89 | <.01 | – | – | ||
| PSG‐1‐H (100 mg/mL) | 0.32 ± 0.043 | <.01 | 38.98 ± 3.09 | <.01 | – | – | ||
| SD rats (10/group) | Normal control | 3.61 ± 1.27 | – | 149.10 ± 5.93 | – | – | – | 33 |
| AD model | 20.53 ± 3.34 | <.01 | 84.79 ± 7.7 | <.01 | – | – | ||
| GLPS treatment | 8.67 ± 2.67 | <.01 | 128.75 ± 11.67 | <.01 | – | – | ||
| SD rats (12/group) | Normal control | 66.11 ± 7.64 | – | 113.14 ± 18.61 | – | – | – | 34 |
| AD model | 14.18 ± 1.99 | – | 257.79 ± 38. 55 | – | – | – | ||
| GLPS treatment | 21.95 ± 5.79 | <.05 | 135.76 ± 7. 97 | <.05 | – | – | ||
| Kunming mouse (10/group) | Normal control (myocardium) | – | – | 84.30 ± 11.3 | – | 5.71 ± 0.77 | – | 34 |
| GLPS (myocardium) | – | – | 87.30 ± 10.2 | – | 7.11 ± 1.32 | <.01 | ||
| Normal control (skeletal muscle) | – | – | 43.2 ± 7.3 | – | 30.7 ± 3.1 | – | ||
| GLPS (skeletal muscle) | – | – | 54.2 ± 7.7 | <.01 | 29.3 ± 1.98 | – | ||
| Rabbits (10/group) | Normal control | 3.12 ± 0.43 | – | 326.59 ± 28.63 | – | – | – | 31 |
| Normal saline | 6.03 ± 0.29 | <.05 | 223.32 ± 35.50 | <.05 | – | – | ||
| GLPS | 4.86 ± 0.33 | <.05 | 278.15 ± 24.41 | <.05 | – | – | ||
| SD rats (10/group) | Normal control | 2.71 ± 0.87 | – | 249.56 ± 16.38 | – | 23.76 ± 4.56 | – | 38 |
| DM | 7.95 ± 1.49 | <.01 | 131.06 ± 9.40 | <.01 | 13.61 ± 2.53 | <.01 | ||
| GLPS‐L (200 mg/kg) | 7.95 ± 1.21 | – | 131.94 ± 11.43 | – | 13.79 ± 4.47 | – | ||
| GLPS‐M (400 mg/kg) | 4.11 ± 0.69 | <.01 | 178.15 ± 5.53 | <.01 | 19.46 ± 3.65 | <.05 | ||
| GLPS‐H (800 mg/kg) | 2.79 ± 0.49 | <.01 | 187.66 ± 6.59 | <.01 | 23.32 ± 2.54 | <.05 | ||
| Mouse (10/group) | Ovarian cancer | – | – | 261.21 ± 13.01 | – | 36.20 ± 6.20 | – | 40 |
| GLPS‐L (50 mg/kg) | – | – | 304.11 ± 13.13 | – | 44.82 ± 5.62 | – | ||
| GLPS‐M (100 mg/kg) | – | – | 315.84 ± 11.09 | – | 45.60 ± 7.72 | – | ||
| GLPS‐H (200 mg/kg) | – | – | 330.83 ± 12.17 | <.05 | 50.88 ± 15.42 | <.05 | ||
| Wistar rats (10/group) | Normal control | 205.71 ± 18.94 | – | 28.75 ± 1.83 | – | 39.75 ± 2.17 | – | 41 |
| Gastric cancer | 137.89 ± 11.27 | <.01 | 58.05 ± 4.01 | <.01 | 61.52 ± 4.31 | <.01 | ||
| GLPS‐L (400 mL/kg) | 189.33 ± 16.08 | <.01 | 49.05 ± 3.28 | <.01 | 61.52 ± 4.31 | <.01 | ||
| GLPS‐H (800 mL/kg) | 216.48 ± 18.49 | <.01 | 32.17 ± 2.17 | <.01 | 45.06 ± 2.22 | <.01 | ||
| SD rats (10/group) | Normal control | 2.82 ± 0.99 | – | 246.59 ± 16.18 | – | 23.72 ± 4.76 | – | 42 |
| DM | 7.98 ± 1.52 | <.01 | 132.05 ± 9.10 | <.01 | 13.52 ± 2.55 | <.01 | ||
| GLPS‐L (200 mg/kg) | 7.98 ± 1.15 | <.01 | 132.91 ± 11.33 | <.01 | 13.70 ± 4.41 | <.01 | ||
| GLPS‐M (400 mg/kg) | 4.06 ± 0.73 | <.01 | 176.16 ± 5.41 | <.01 | 19.42 ± 3.62 | <.01 | ||
| GLPS‐H (800 mg/kg) | 2.82 ± 0.55 | <.01 | 189.68 ± 6.55 | <.01 | 23.16 ± 2.41 | <.01 | ||
| Wistar rats (6/group) | Normal control | – | – | 9.61 ± 0.49 | – | 11.15 ± 0.95 | – | 43 |
| DM | – | – | 4.53 ± 0.07 | <.01 | 5.76 ± 0.43 | <.01 | ||
| GLPS‐L (60 mL/kg) | – | – | 5.07 ± 0.12 | <.01 | 7.39 ± 0.29 | <.01 | ||
| GLPS‐M (80 mL/kg) | – | – | 6.82 ± 0.54 | <.01 | 7.39 ± 0.29 | <.01 | ||
| GLPS‐H (120 mL/kg) | – | – | 8.67 ± 0.42 | <.01 | 9.26 ± 0.28 | <.01 | ||
| Models | Catalase/(U/L) | ROS | References | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Groups | Concentration | P‐value | Concentration | P‐value | ||
| SD rats | Normal control | – | – | 15.11 ± 0.95 | – | 88 |
| H2O2 | – | – | 62.54 ± 3.35 | <.01 | ||
| PSG‐1‐L (25 mg/mL) | – | – | 26.09 ± 2.01 | <.01 | ||
| PSG‐1‐M (50 mg/mL) | – | – | 19.38 ± 1.83 | <.01 | ||
| PSG‐1‐H (100 mg/mL) | – | – | 16.52 ± 1.21 | <.01 | ||
| SD rats (10/group) | Normal control | – | – | – | – | 33 |
| AD model | – | – | – | – | ||
| GLPS | – | – | – | – | ||
| SD rats (12/group) | Normal control | – | – | – | – | 34 |
| AD model | – | – | – | – | ||
| GLPS treatment | – | – | – | – | ||
| Kunming mouse (10/group) | Normal control (myocardium) | – | – | – | – | 16 |
| GLPS (myocardium) | – | – | – | – | ||
| Normal control (skeletal muscle) | – | – | – | – | ||
| GLPS (skeletal muscle) | – | – | – | – | ||
| Rabbits (10/group) | Normal control | – | – | – | – | 31 |
| Normal saline | – | – | – | – | ||
| GLPS | – | – | – | – | ||
| SD rats (10/group) | Normal control | 25.34 ± 6.61 | – | – | – | 38 |
| DM | 12.89 ± 1.69 | <.01 | – | – | ||
| GLPS‐L (200 mg/kg) | 14.45 ± 2.68 | – | – | – | ||
| GLPS‐M (400 mg/kg) | 19.68 ± 3.72 | <.01 | – | – | ||
| GLPS‐H (800 mg/kg) | 21.45 ± 3.21 | <.01 | – | – | ||
| Mouse (10/group) | Ovarian cancer | 7.57 ± 1.16 | – | – | – | 40 |
| GLPS‐L (50 mg/kg) | 8.32 ± 0.89 | – | – | – | ||
| GLPS‐M (100 mg/kg) | 8.57 ± 0.76 | – | – | – | ||
| GLPS‐H (200 mg/kg) | 8.57 ± 0.76 | <.01 | – | – | ||
| Wistar rats (10/group) | Normal control | – | – | – | – | 41 |
| Gastric cancer | – | – | – | – | ||
| GLPS‐L (400 mL/kg) | – | – | – | – | ||
| GLPS‐H (800 mL/kg) | – | – | – | – | ||
| SD rats (10/group) | Normal control | 25.88 ± 6.62 | – | – | – | 42 |
| DM | 12.98 ± 1.95 | <.01 | – | – | ||
| GLPS‐L (200 mg/kg) | 14.37 ± 2.79 | <.01 | – | – | ||
| GLPS‐M (400 mg/kg) | 19.79 ± 3.75 | <.05 | – | – | ||
| GLPS‐H (800 mg/kg) | 21.47 ± 3.33 | <.01 | – | – | ||
| Wistar rats (6/group) | Normal control | 96.38 ± 6.29 | – | – | – | 43 |
| DM | 53.86 ± 3.21 | <.01 | – | – | ||
| GLPS‐L (60 mL/kg) | 70.65 ± 9.06 | <.05 | – | – | ||
| GLPS‐M (80 mL/kg) | 78.86 ± 6.02 | <.01 | – | – | ||
| GLPS‐H (120 mL/kg) | 88.12 ± 6.73 | <.01 | – | – | ||
DM, Diabetes mellitus; GSH‐Px, Glutathione peroxidase; GLPS, Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides; ROS, Reactive oxidative species; SOD, Superoxide dismutase; MDA, Malondialdehyde.