Table 3.
Anti‐tumour and immune‐regulatory effects of GLPS in both cell‐ and animal‐based models
| Models | Inhibitory ratio/% | Other test indicators | References | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Groups | ||||||||
| Swiss albino mouse EAC | Normal saline | – | – | 44 | ||||
| Cyclophosphamide | 71.8 | |||||||
| GLPS‐L (25 mg/mL) | 64.3 | |||||||
| GLPS‐M (50 mg/mL) | 73.4 | |||||||
| GLPS‐H (100 mg/mL) | 80.8 | |||||||
| ICR species mouse | Normal saline | – | – | 45 | ||||
| 1.S180 | Cyclophosphamide | 63.15 | ||||||
| GLPS‐L (33.3 mg/kg) | 23.73 | |||||||
| GLPS‐M (100 mg/kg) | 31.97 | |||||||
| GLPS‐H (300 mg/kg) | 38.56 | |||||||
| 2.EAC | Normal saline | – | ||||||
| Cyclophosphamide | 63.22 | |||||||
| GLPS‐L (33.3 mg/kg) | 19.66 | |||||||
| GLPS‐M (100 mg/kg) | 31.58 | |||||||
| GLPS‐H (300 mg/kg) | 35.89 | |||||||
| 3. Heps | Normal saline | – | ||||||
| Cyclophosphamide | 63.55 | |||||||
| GLPS‐L (33.3 mg/kg) | 24.08 | |||||||
| GLPS‐M (100 mg/kg) | 31.05 | |||||||
| GLPS‐H (300 mg/kg) | 35.73 | |||||||
| BALB/c mouse (10/group) | NK cytotoxic activity/% | Phagocytosis ratio/% | IL‐2 (pg/mL) | IFN‐γ (pg/mL) | TNF‐α (pg/mL) | 46 | ||
| Normal control | – | 35.6 ± 2.3 | 100.1 ± 11.0 | – | – | – | ||
| Normal saline | – | 8.3 ± 1.7 | 48.2 ± 5.0 | – | 11.73 ± 3.53 | – | ||
| Cyclophosphamide | 81 | 0.6 ± 0.5 | – | – | – | – | ||
| GLPS‐L (50 mg/kg) | 30.7 | 13.8 ± 1.0 | 75.0 ± 4.0 | – | 13.24 ± 3.48 | – | ||
| GLPS‐M (100 mg/kg) | 49.1 | 21.4 ± 2.9 | 134.1 ± 7.8 | – | 20.13 ± 2.93 | 20.62 ± 16.8 | ||
| GLPS‐H (200 mg/kg) | 59.9 | 30.3 ± 1.1 | 141.6 ± 27.8 | 3.4 ± 2.46 | 67.42 ± 5.47 | – | ||
|
BALB/c mouse HL‐60 S180 L929 cells |
Normal saline | – | Apoptosis ratio/% | P‐value | 48 | |||
| Cy (cyclophosphamide) | 78.02 | 7.44 ± 1.07 | – | |||||
| GLPS‐L (50 μg/mL) | 27.70 | 18.81 ± 0.93 | <.01 | |||||
| GLPS‐M (100 μg/mL) | 55.83 | 20.98 ± 1.57 | <.01 | |||||
| GLPS‐H (200 μg/mL) | 66.70 | 23.00 ± 0.56 | <.01 | |||||
|
Chick chorioallantoic membrane PC‐3M‐1E8 |
Angiogenesis inhibitory ratio/% | Adhesion of PC‐3M‐1E8 to laminin inhibitory ratio/% | 50 | |||||
| Normal saline | – | – | – | |||||
| GLPS‐L (0.2 μg) | – | 14.8 | 23.89 | |||||
| GLPS‐M (1 μg) | – | 28.1 | 35.4 | |||||
| GLPS‐H (5 μg) | – | 46 | 39.82 | |||||
|
BALB/c mouse S180 |
Normal saline | – | – | 51 | ||||
| GLPS‐L (1 μg/mL) | 35.2 | |||||||
| GLPS‐M (10 μg/mL) | 45.25 | |||||||
| GLPS‐H (100 μg/mL) | 61.88 | |||||||
| HUVECs PC‐23M | Normal saline | – | Adhesion activity of PC‐23M inhibitory ratio/% | 52 | ||||
| GLPS‐L (1 mg/mL) | – | 43.90 | ||||||
| GLPS‐M (10 mg/mL | – | 41.46 | ||||||
| GLPS‐H (100 mg/mL | – | 58.54 | ||||||
| Endothelial cells | Normal saline | – | Adhesion activity inhibitory ratio/% | Migration inhibitory ratio/% | 53 | |||
| GLPS‐L (50 μg/mL) | – | 43.94 | 42.37 | |||||
| GLPS‐M (100 μg/mL) | – | 42.83 | 44.86 | |||||
| GLPS‐H (200 μg/mL) | – | 59.12 | 59.43 | |||||
| Cy (cyclophosphamide) | 78.02 | – | ||||||
| GLPS‐L (50 μg/mL) | 27.7 | |||||||
| GLPS‐M (100 μg/mL) | 55.83 | |||||||
| GLPS‐H (200 μg/mL) | 66.7 | |||||||
EAC, Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma; GLPS, Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides; Heps, Hepatoma solidity cell.