Figure 1.

Field sites of the Bombus impatiens colonies that we deployed in central Pennsylvania. We placed two colonies at each site, facing opposite directions from each other (~E vs. W). The four sites in the Valley were along the field border of Penn State's Russell E. Larson Agricultural Research Center and were in a predominately agricultural landscape with two small residential neighborhoods. The four Edge sites were along the border of the research center and Rothrock State Forest. The Forest sites were placed ~5 m into the forest off Kepler Rd. in Rothrock State Forest. Photograph generated by Google Earth Pro v.7.1.5.1557