Figure 3.

Two‐dimensional representation of northern cardinal morphological trait space using PC1 and PC2. PC1 reflects overall body size, whereas PC2 measures how bill depth and width change relative to a change in body size. We only include four of the native range clades in this analysis due to low sample size in two clades. Each oval encapsulates 95% of the variation in morphology between the individuals we measured, representing a clade‐specific trait space. Large symbols within each oval depict the mean PC scores for each clade. We depict all individual cardinals captured and measured in Hawaii in light blue (with different shapes for each island) to visually show the distribution of their morphology (light blue oval) relative to native clades