Table 3.
Mood symptom severity and differences in biological markers between mood states and controls.
| Depression | (Hypo)mania | Mixed | Euthymia | Controls | Effect | Tukey HSD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # Test moments (N) | 178 | 71 | 23 | 64 | 188 | ||
| HDRS | 16.6 (5.8) | 6.6 (4.1) | 20.5 (4.4) | 3.9 (2.2) | |||
| YMRS | 3.5 (2.7) | 18.3 (7.0) | 15.2 (4.4) | 2.7 (2.4) | |||
| IFN-y (pg/ml)* | 4.24 (0.08) | 4.67 (0.10) | 4.71 (0.15) | 4.78 (0.10) | 4.87 (0.10) | F(403.4) = 0.6; p = 0.655 | |
| IL-6 (pg/ml)* | 0.49 (0.07) | 0.52 (0.08) | 0.42 (0.12) | 0.52 (0.08) | 0.41 (0.09) | F(434) = 1.6; p = 0.168 | |
| TNF-α (pg/ml)* | 1.95 (0.04) | 1.89 (0.04) | 1.83 (0.06) | 1.87 (0.04) | 1.77 (0.05) | F(498.4) = 1.5; p = 0.198 | |
| CRP (mg/L)* | 1.81 (0.15) | 2.08 (0.15) | 2.16 (0.21) | 1.97 (0.15) | 1.27 (0.17) | F(487.7) = 1.5; p = 0.205 | |
| Trp (μmol/l) | 50.04 (0.99) | 51.67 (1.24) | 54.61 (2.02) | 51.29 (1.28) | 54.37 (1.18) | F(333.2) = 2.8; p = 0.025 | D < C |
| Kyn (μmol/l) | 1.43 (0.04) | 1.46 (0.05) | 1.53 (0.08) | 1.51 (0.05) | 1.58 (0.05) | F(350.7) = 1.9; p = 0.116 | |
| Kyn/Trp (μmol/mmol) | 28.89 (0.75) | 28.89 (0.91) | 28.54 (1.42) | 29.98 (0.93) | 29.41 (0.92) | F(351.5) = 0.5; p = 0.702 | |
| Neo (nmol/l) | 4.96 (0.17) | 5.00 (0.23) | 5.12 (0.40) | 5.44 (0.25) | 5.04 (0.18) | F(306.1) = 0.8; p = 0.499 | |
| Tyr (μmol/l) | 62.64 (2.25) | 70.62 (2.78) | 71.67 (4.45) | 64.10 (2.87) | 75.06 (2.71) | F(345.3) = 4.9; p < 0.001 | D < C & M; E < C |
| Phe (μmol/l) | 49.47 (1.12) | 52.08 (1.43) | 56.13 (2.35) | 50.54 (1.48) | 55.93 (1.31) | F(334.7) = 4.9; p < 0.001 | D < C & Mx |
| Phe/Tyr | 0.83 (0.02) | 0.77 (0.22) | 0.81 (0.03) | 0.82 (0.02) | 0.78 (0.02) | F(346.3) = 2.4; p = 0.053 |
Data presented as mean (SE). SE, standard error; HDRS, Hamilton depression rating scale; YMRS, Young mania rating scale; IFN-y, interferon gamma; IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha; CRP, C-reactive protein; Trp, tryptophan; Kyn, kynurenine; Neo, neopterin; Tyr, tyrosine; Phe, phenylalanine; D, depression; C, controls; E, euthymia; M, (hypo)mania; Mx, mixed.
*
SE on log-transformed data. Bold values: significant p-values (p < 0.05).