Table 2.
Colony genetic diversity for 11 geographic populations using five microsatellite loci and mitochondrial DNA haplotypes per colony
| Colony | Microsatellite analysis | COI haplotype | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | AR | HO | I | r | ||
| Shanju | 6.2 | 6.0444 | 0.4691 ± 0.1619abc | 1.3306 | 0.303 ± 0.033 | |
| COLSJ1 | 6.4000 | 6.2738 | 0.4400 | 1.3661 | A | |
| COLSJ2 | 5.4000 | 5.2966 | 0.5200 | 1.3596 | A | |
| COLSJ3 | 5.0000 | 4.9106 | 0.4700 | 1.2479 | A | |
| COLSJ4 | 7.0000 | 6.7860 | 0.4300 | 1.3186 | E | |
| COLSJ5 | 7.2000 | 6.9552 | 0.4856 | 1.3609 | A | |
| Zhuhai | 5.4 | 5.3036 | 0.5650 ± 0.0350a | 1.3420 | 0.293 ± 0.072 | |
| COLZH1 | 5.8000 | 5.7320 | 0.6000 | 1.4615 | B | |
| COLZH2 | 5.0000 | 4.8752 | 0.5300 | 1.2226 | A | |
| Meizhou | 5.93 | 5.7829 | 0.5467 ± 0.0212ab | 1.3390 | 0.274 ± 0.027 | |
| COLMZ1 | 5.6000 | 5.4918 | 0.5000 | 1.2224 | A | |
| COLMZ2 | 6.0000 | 5.8338 | 0.6100 | 1.3744 | C | |
| COLMZ3 | 6.2000 | 5.9950 | 0.5600 | 1.3628 | A | |
| COLMZ4 | 5.8000 | 5.6890 | 0.4700 | 1.3035 | A | |
| COLMZ5 | 7.6000 | 7.3892 | 0.5800 | 1.5709 | B | |
| COLMZ6 | 4.4000 | 4.2984 | 0.5600 | 1.1999 | A | |
| Zhanjiang | 7.67 | 7.4917 | 0.5633 ± 0.0433 a | 1.4942 | 0.252 ± 0.063 | |
| COLZJ1 | 7.8000 | 7.6984 | 0.5600 | 1.4313 | B | |
| COLZJ2 | 9.0000 | 8.7688 | 0.4900 | 1.7971 | B | |
| COLZJ3 | 6.2000 | 6.0078 | 0.6400 | 1.2541 | A | |
| Beihai | 6.3 | 6.1220 | 0.4117 ± 0.0717abc | 1.2887 | 0.290 ± 0.053 | |
| COLBH1 | 5.8000 | 5.6522 | 0.4833 | 1.2207 | A | |
| COLBH2 | 6.8000 | 6.5918 | 0.3400 | 1.3568 | A | |
| Guangzhou | 6.4 | 6.2252 | 0.5660 ± 0.0337a | 1.3219 | 0.387 ± 0.072 | |
| COLGZ1 | 5.2000 | 5.0322 | 0.4400 | 1.0368 | B | |
| COLGZ2 | 6.4000 | 6.2922 | 0.6300 | 1.4941 | D | |
| COLGZ3 | 7.6000 | 7.3692 | 0.5200 | 1.4756 | A | |
| COLGZ4 | 7.0000 | 6.7876 | 0.6400 | 1.4242 | A | |
| COLGZ5 | 5.8000 | 5.6446 | 0.6000 | 1.1790 | A | |
| Naozhou | 6.26 | 5.7661 | 0.3846 ± 0.0337 bc | 1.3279 | 0.065 ± 0.014 | |
| COLNZ1 | 5.8000 | 5.6614 | 0.4337 | 1.2649 | C | |
| COLNZ2 | 7.6000 | 6.2368 | 0.3200 | 1.4241 | A, C | |
| COLNZ3 | 5.4000 | 5.4000 | 0.4000 | 1.2947 | A, C | |
| Weizhou | 5.4 | 5.3115 | 0.3850 ± 0.2250 abc | 1.1360 | 0.119 ± 0.044 | |
| COLWZ1 | 5.2000 | 5.0952 | 0.6100 | 1.2429 | G | |
| COLWZ2 | 5.6000 | 5.5278 | 0.1600 | 1.0290 | C | |
| Hebao | 6.6667 | 6.4825 | 0.5000 ± 0.0346 abc | 1.4219 | 0.321 ± 0.046 | |
| COLHBD1 | 6.6000 | 6.4078 | 0.4400 | 1.3787 | A | |
| COLHBD2 | 5.6000 | 5.4504 | 0.5600 | 1.1525 | B | |
| COLHBD3 | 7.8000 | 7.5892 | 0.5000 | 1.7346 | C | |
| Dong'ao | 6.95 | 6.7381 | 0.5643 ± 0.0378a | 1.4695 | 0.298 ± 0.033 | |
| COLDA1 | 6.8000 | 6.6640 | 0.4900 | 1.4488 | A | |
| COLDA2 | 6.8000 | 6.5570 | 0.6663 | 1.4914 | A | |
| COLDA3 | 7.8000 | 7.5106 | 0.5300 | 1.5317 | A | |
| COLDA4 | 6.4000 | 6.2206 | 0.5711 | 1.4059 | A | |
| Shangchuan | 5.3 | 4.8615 | 0.3600 ± 0.0300c | 1.0357 | 0.410 ± 0.033 | |
| COLSCD1 | 4.8000 | 4.7336 | 0.3900 | 1.1551 | A | |
| COLSCD2 | 5.8000 | 4.9894 | 0.3300 | 0.9162 | A, F | |
“A” represents the mean number of alleles per locus. AR and HO are the mean allelic richness and observed heterozygosity, respectively. I indicates Shannon's index. r is the relatedness coefficient for worker nestmates within populations. Haplotype was estimated by DnaSP. Means of observed heterozygosity of all populations were compared using Kruskal–Wallis test, and if the differences were significant, multiple comparisons of means were performed with the Mann–Whitney test. Data with the same letter indicate no significant difference at a level of .05.