(a) Summary of body weights in the 90-day repeated oral toxicity study
| Group (mg/kg bw/day) | Body weight (g) on days | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 3 | 7 | 10 | 14 | 17 | 21 | 24 | 28 | 35 | 42 | 49 | 56 | 63 | 70 | 77 | 84 | 89 | |
| Males | ||||||||||||||||||
| Control | 170.9 ± 10.1 | 190.3 ± 10.2 | 214.7 ± 11.0 | 232.9 ±10.6 | 252.1 ± 12.2 | 267.1 ± 12.8 | 281.5 ± 13.8 | 292.7 ± 14.9 | 305.0 ± 15.5 | 325.7 ± 16.8 | 338.7 ± 17.5 | 351.9 ± 20.1 | 360.7 ± 20.8 | 369.5 ± 21.3 | 379.7 ± 22.7 | 385.8 ± 23.8 | 397.1 ± 26.0 | 397.3 ± 25.4 |
| 100 | 172.0 ±8.4 | 191.3 ± 10.9 | 214.9 ± 13.3 | 231.8 ± 16.9 | 251.3 ± 20.8 | 266.5 ± 23.2 | 280.7 ± 26.2 | 293.0 ± 29.1 | 304.6 ± 32.3 | 325.1 ± 36.0 | 337.5 ± 37.7 | 349.0 ± 39.4 | 354.8 ± 39.3 | 361.8 ± 41.5 | 370.2 ± 42.9 | 371.8 ± 42.7 | 382.5 ± 43.1 | 386.1 ± 45.1 |
| 360 | 171.1 ± 8.6 | 180.7 ± 7.6∗ | 199.4 ± 8.9∗∗ | 215.1 ± 9.2∗∗ | 230.9 ± 9.3∗∗ | 244.8 ± 8.9∗∗ | 257.6 ± 9.8∗∗ | 268.3 ± 10.9∗∗ | 278.8 ± 11.3∗∗ | 296.3 ± 12.8∗∗ | 308.7 ± 14.8∗∗ | 318.3 ± 15.5∗∗ | 323.2 ± 17.6∗∗ | 332.0 ± 19.4∗∗ | 341.5 ± 19.8∗∗ | 344.5 ± 20.5∗∗ | 356.7 ± 22.7∗∗ | 358.4 ± 19.5∗∗ |
| 720 | 171.3 ± 7.1 | 175.2 ± 6.5∗∗ | 193.1 ± 6.2∗∗ | 205.5 ± 7.5∗∗ | 222.3 ±8.7∗∗ | 233.3 ± 9.6∗∗ | 247.0 ± 11.7∗∗ | 256.4 ± 12.5∗∗ | 266.9 ± 12.7∗∗ | 281.9 ± 12.3∗∗ | 294.8 ± 12.6∗∗ | 303.5 ± 12.4∗∗ | 311.3 ± 12.8∗∗ | 317.6 ± 14.5∗∗ | 326.0 ± 14.5∗∗ | 327.1 ± 14.8∗∗ | 339.7 ± 16.2∗∗ | 341.0 ± 17.9∗∗ |
|
| ||||||||||||||||||
| Females | ||||||||||||||||||
| Control | 124.3 ± 10.4 | 135.1 ± 10.8 | 147.1 ± 11.1 | 155.7 ± 10.1 | 164.3 ± 10.3 | 173.1 ± 10.0 | 179.8 ± 10.8 | 186.9 ± 10.8 | 193.3 ± 11.5 | 205.3 ± 12.7 | 213.5 ± 13.0 | 221.1 ± 14.6 | 224.9 ± 12.7 | 231.2 ± 14.6 | 236.0 ± 15.2 | 236.5 ± 15.9 | 245.1 ± 15.6 | 244.5 ± 17.0 |
| 100 | 125.7 ± 10.6 | 134.8 ± 10.0 | 146.0 ± 10.2 | 153.7 ± 11.4 | 162.8 ± 10.9 | 171.2 ± 9.9 | 178.5 ± 13.0 | 187.0 ± 13.0 | 193.6 ± 12.9 | 204.3 ± 13.7 | 210.3 ± 13.0 | 218.1 ± 14.9 | 221.8 ± 13.5 | 226.7 ± 14.6 | 232.4 ± 14.7 | 230.9 ± 16.0 | 241.8 ± 16.4 | 242.1 ± 17.1 |
| 360 | 122.8 ± 10.8 | 128.1 ± 10.7 | 138.9 ± 10.7 | 146.6 ± 10.8 | 156.5 ± 10.7 | 165.8 ± 11.5 | 173.3 ± 12.0 | 180.7 ± 11.9 | 186.4 ± 12.5 | 200.2 ± 13.1 | 206.8 ± 12.3 | 211.5 ± 13.5 | 216.3 ± 14.1 | 221.2 ± 13.3 | 224.3 ± 14.2 | 225.0 ± 13.2 | 231.7 ± 12.7∗ | 233.0 ± 11.0 |
| 720 | 123.7 ± 10.0 | 124.5 ± 8.6∗ | 132.9 ± 10.5∗∗ | 141.1 ± 10.3∗∗ | 151.3 ± 11.8∗∗ | 160.1 ± 10.4∗∗ | 169.1 ± 10.4∗ | 175.5 ± 10.1∗ | 182.5 ± 9.6∗ | 191.0 ± 10.6∗∗ | 198.4 ± 10.4∗∗ | 203.3 ± 10.8∗∗ | 206.4 ± 11.3∗∗ | 211.5 ± 10.5∗∗ | 214.2 ± 11.1∗∗ | 212.6 ± 11.8∗∗ | 219.1 ± 10.8∗∗ | 220.9 ± 11.1∗∗ |
n = 15 in control and 720 mg/kg bw/day groups; in all other groups n = 10.
∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, statistical significances were determined with Duncan's multiple range test or with Mann–Whitney U test versus control.