Table 4.

The effect of different backpack weights and hip belt tensions on the ground reaction force (GRF) and peak knee and hip joint moments during gait. The p values from ANOVA are shown where they are significant (NS: nonsignificant).

Joint	Kinetic parameter	F value	p value
GRF	Peak cranial-caudal direction	23.246	<0.001
	Peak anterior-posterior direction	4.569	<0.001
	Peak medial-lateral direction	1.335	NS
	Integral cranial-caudal direction	39.364	<0.001
	Integral deceleration anterior-posterior	3.887	<0.001
	Integral acceleration anterior-posterior	5.708	<0.001
	Integral medial-lateral direction	2.329	<0.05
Knee	Peak moment sagittal plane	5.243	<0.001
Hip	Peak moment sagittal plane	2.153	NS